Volume 8(3): November, 2002
FUEL AND ERGOGENIC AIDS 3.2 - GENERAL
This third issue of Volume 8 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with fuel and ergogenic aids. Previous articles on these topics are contained in Volume 2(3) and Volume 5(3). This issue is divided into the subsections of general dietary implications, carbohydrates, caffeine, other substances, and nasal dilators.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL DIETARY IMPLICATIONS
FUEL AND THE STATE OF ATHLETIC FITNESS
Rushall notes, 1990.
FUEL AND TASK DURATION
Rushall notes, 1990.
DIET SELECTION DEPENDS UPON THE INDIVIDUAL
Rowlands, D. S., & Hopkins, W. G. (1999). Effects of two-week changes in diet on metabolism and performance in cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 295.
ATHLETES WILL EAT IT IF THEY THINK IT WILL HELP
Johnson, K. E., & Pipe, A. L. (2001). Supplement use by Canadian Olympic athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 395.
WRESTLERS INGEST SUPPLEMENTS WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR VALUE
Nelson Steen, S., Oppliger, R. A., & Scott, J. A. (2001). Ergogenic aids and dietary supplement use in college wrestlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 398.
DOES A HIGH-FAT DIET ASSIST ENDURANCE CYCLING?
Burke, L. M., Angus, D. J., Cox, G. R., Gawthorn, K. M., Hawley, J. A., Febbraio, M. A., & Hargreaves, M. (1999). Fat adaptation with carbohydrate recovery promotes metabolic adaptations during prolonged cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 297.
HIGH-FAT DIETS ARE OKAY FOR ENDURANCE TRAINING ATHLETES
Brown, R. C., Cox, C. M., & Goulding, A. (2000). High-carbohydrate versus high-fat diets: Effect on body composition in trained cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 690-694.
BEEF SUPPLEMENTATION ENHANCES ENDURANCE FITNESS IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES
Pahnke, T., Lyle, R. M., Martin, B., Weaver, C. M., & Corrigan, D. (1999). Effect of increased lean beef consumption on iron status and performance of adolescent female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 702.
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT IMPROVE STRENGTH TRAINING
Marcum, D. M., Kuphal, K., & Potteiger, J. A. (1999). Effects of supplemental protein on strength, body composition, and protein utilization during an increased training volume. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 485.
R4 BETTER THAN GATORADE FOR RECOVERY AFTER GLYCOGEN-DEPLETION
Williams, M. B., Raven, P. B., & Ivy, J. L. (1999). Effects of recovery drinks after prolonged glycogen-depleted exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 486.
40-30-30 FOOD BARS COULD BENEFIT SOME ATHLETES
Ceriale, S. M., Durak, E. P., Wenz, S. M., & Elliott, M. (2000). Glycemic response: comparison of different nutritional bars and drinks. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1064.
HYPOHYDRATON AFFECTS SKILLED PERFORMANCE
Devlin, L. H., Fraser, S. F., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Impaired bowling accuracy in skilled cricket players with moderate levels of hypohydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1149.
YOUNG FEMALE SWIMMERS NEED NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION
Henriquez, M. M. George, V. A., & Castellanos, V. H. (2001). Eating attitudes and weight control behaviors of adolescent female swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1603.
FLUID STATE BEFORE A ONE-HOUR TASK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF FLUID STATUS
Palmer, G. S., van Someren, K. A., & Backx, K. (2001). No effect of fluid volume on performance during 1-hour cycling time trial in thermoneutral environment. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1453.
CARBOHYDRATES
REPEATED SHORT HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE BOUT NOT INFLUENCED BY CHO SUPPLEMENTATION
Koch, A. J., Haub, M. D., Comeau, M. J., Kuphal, K. E., Haff, G. G., Jacobsen, D. J., Magee, L. M., Nau, K. L., & Potteiger, J. A. (1999). Effects of carbohydrate ingestion on repeated high-intensity cycling performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 455.
LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS ARE BEST FOR PRE-EXERCISE MEALS
DeMarco, H. M., Sucher, K, P., Cisar, C. J. & Butterfield, G. E. (1999). Pre-exercise carbohydrate meals: Application of glycemic index. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 164-170.
CONSISTENT MODERATE CHO INGESTION BEST FOR PERFORMANCE
McConell, G., Kloot, K., Hargreaves, M. (1996). Effect of timing of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 1300-1304.
INGESTING A SPORTS BAR DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
Rauch, H. G., Hawley, J. A., Woodey, M., Noakes, T. D., & Dennis, S. C. (1999). Effects of ingesting a sports bar versus glucose polymer on substrate utilization and ultra-endurance performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 252-257.
CARBOHYDRATE-ELECTROLYTE INGESTION IMPROVES HIGH INTENSITY CYCLING PERFORMANCE
Jeukendrup, A. Brouns, F., Wagenmakers, A. J., & Saris, W. H. (1997). Carbohydrate-electrolyte feedings improve 1 h time trial cycling performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 125-129.
CARBOHYDRATE-ELECTROLYTE SUPPLEMENTATION SPARES MUSCLE GLYCOGEN IN FIELD GAMES PLAYERS
Nicholas, C. W., Tsintzas, K., Boobis, L, & Williams, C. (1999). Carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion during intermittent high-intensity running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 1280-1286.
CHO BREAKFAST INCREASES ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE
Schabort, E. J., Bosch, A. N., Weltan, S. M., & Noakes, T. D. (1999). The effect of a preexercise meal on time to fatigue during prolonged cycling exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 464-471.
CHO LOADING DOES NOT HELP DISTANCE CYCLING PERFORMANCE
Schabort, E. J., Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Gibson, A., Mujika, I., & Noakes, T. D. (1999). The effect of carbohydrate loading on 100-km cycle time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 296.
MORE CHO AND ADDED PROTEIN/AMINO ACIDS PRODUCE BETTER GLYCOGEN STATES IN CYCLISTS
Van Loon, L. J., Saris, W. H., & Wagenmakers, A. J. (1999). Optimizing post-exercise muscle glycogen synthesis carbohydrate and amino acid/protein feedings. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 298.
CHO NEEDS TO BE INGESTED IF IT IS TO BE USED DURING EXERCISE
Wee, S. L., Williams, C., & Garcia-Roves, P. (1999). Carbohydrate availability determines endurance running capacity in fasted subjects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 299.
CHO FEEDINGS IN A 1-HR ENDURANCE TIME TRIAL PRODUCE PLACEBO EFFECTS
Clark, V. R., Hopkins, W. G., Hawley, J. A., & Burke, L. M. (2000). Placebo effect of carbohydrate feedings during a 40-km cycling time trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1642-1647.
CHO DRINKS SPARE ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE IN ENDURANCE EXERCISE
Riddell, M. C., Heigenhauser, G. J., & Bar-Or, O. (1999). Glucose intake spares endogenous carbohydrate and contributes to the energy demand of exercise in boys. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 879.
CHO-LOADING DOES NOT IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE IN WOMEN
Paul, D. R., Mulroy, S. M., Horner, J. A., & Jacobs, K. A. (1999). Carbohydrate-loading diets in women cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 880.
INSUFFICIENT CHO INTAKE COULD CONTRIBUTE TO OVERTRAINING
Roach, W., & Berning, J. (1999). Carbohydrate intake and markers of overtraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 885.
CREATINE LOADING DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH CARBOHYDRATE LOADING
Arnall, D. A., Nelson, A. G., Kokkonen, J., Day, R., & Evans, J. (1999). Creatine loading does not inhibit glycogen loading. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1281.
CHO SUPPLEMENTATION PRESERVES PERFORMANCE LEVELS IN REPEATED HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE TASKS
Haub, M. D., Potteigher, J. A., Jacobsen, D. J., Nau, K. L., Magee, L. J., & Comeau, M. J. (1999). The effect of liquid carbohydrate ingestion on repeated maximal effort exercise and glycogen replenishment. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 456.
CHO/PROTEIN DRINK ASSISTS MUSCLE RECOVERY
Ready, S. L., Siefert, J. G., & Burke, E. (1999). The effect of two sports drink formulations on muscle stress and performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 458.
CHO SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES WORK OUTPUT IN A RESISTANCE-TRAINING SESSION
Haff, G. G., Schroeder, C. A., Koch, A. J., Kuphal, K. E., Comeau, M. J., & Potteiger, J. A. (1999). The effects of carbohydrate supplementation on performance during a resistance training bout. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 481.
CHO SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FUNCTION IN INTERMITTENT GAMES
Welsh, R. S., Byam, S., Bartoli, W., Burke, J. M., Williams, H., & Davis, J. M. (1999). Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on physical and mental function during intermittent high-intensity exercise to fatigue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 484.
HIGH CHO CONCENTRATIONS IN DRINKS SUPPRESS DRINK INTAKE
Wilk, B., Brien, E., & Bar-Or, O. (1999). Carbohydrate drink content and voluntary drinking pattern in boys exercising in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1484.
CHANGES IN DIETARY CHO MIGHT NOT BE BENEFICIAL FOR PERFORMANCE
Breitkopf, N. P., & Wilkinson, J. G. (2000). The effect of different carbohydrate diets on cycling performance and blood lactate concentrations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 119.
POST-EXERCISE CHO DRINKS MIGHT HAVE ADVERSE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Bloomer, R. J., Baldewicz, I. I., Keller, H. A., Vukovich, M. D., & Sforzo, G. A. (2000). Alterations in mood following acute post-exercise feeding with variance in macronutrient mix. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 121.
GEL AND LIQUID CHO HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS
Doyle, J. A., Papadopoulos, C., & Martin, D. E. (2000). Distance running performance with gel and liquid carbohydrate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 885.
WHEN SUPPLEMENTAL CHO IS USED IN ENDURANCE EVENTS DIFFERS BETWEEN GENDERS
Partington, S., Stupka, N., Rennie, C., Ridell, M., Armstrong, D., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2000). Exogenous carbohydrate supplementation suppresses endogenous carbohydrate and protein oxidation in males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1063.
GENDER DIFFERENCES EXIST IN CHO UTILIZATION IN EXERCISE
Pritzlaff, C. J., Wideman, L., Weltman, J. Y., Gaesser, G. A., Veldhuis, J. D., & Weltman, A. (2000). Carbohydrate and fat oxidation during exercise and recovery: Effects of exercise intensity and gender. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1068.
CHO BEVERAGES DO NOT AFFECT ALL-OUT EXTENDED SPRINT PERFORMANCE
Robinson, E. M., Graham, L. B., Moncada, J., Jensen, B., Jones, M., & Headlley, S. A. (2000). Carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion has no effect on sprint performance following high intensity running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1074.
CHO-GLYCEROL SOLUTION HAS A POSITIVE EFFECT ON ENDURANCE
Gupta, R. G., Wingertzahn, M. A., Cioffi, C., Wapnir, R. A., & Otto, R. M. (2000). The effect of a complex carbohydrate-glycerol beverage compared to Gatorade and water on cycle performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1142.
NO NEED TO DILUTE CHO SOLUTION (GATORADE) FOR USE IN RACES
Mendoza, J. R., Lambert, G. P. Summers, R. W., & Gisolfi, C. V. (2000). Effects of a low-carbohydrate sports drink on gastric emptying and intestinal fluid absorption during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1144.
GEL, GATORADE, POWER BAR, AND WATER HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE
Koch, A. J., Hulver, M. W., Kuphal, K. E., Thyfault, J. P., & Potteigher, J. A. (2000). The effects of three nutritional supplements on performance and electrolyte status following 60 min of cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1148.
CHO SUPPLEMENTATION SHOULD BE TAKEN DURING EXERCISE IN EXTENDED ENDURANCE ACTIVITIES
Febbraio, M. A., Chui, A., Arkinstall, M. J., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise: Effect on exercise metabolism and performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1263.
FEMALES OXIDIZE FATS AND CHO DIFFERENTLY TO MALES IN EXERCISE
Carter, S. L., Rennie, C. D., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2000). Endurance training results in a decrease in glucose RA/RD during exercise at both absolute and relative intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1264.
START CHO FEEDING IMMEDIATELY IN AN ENDURANCE EVENT
Rodger, I. M., & Bosch, A. N. (2000). Delaying carbohydrate feeding for 90 min during 3.5 h cycling reduces performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1442.
ENERGY (CHO) SUPPLEMENTATION BENEFITS FEMALE ROWERS
Backman, L. D., Taylor, A. W., & Lemon, P. W. (2000). Effect of isoenergetic high vs low protein supplementation on body composition and performance in female rowers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1664.
SOCCER DOES NOT ALLOW SUFFICIENT FLUID INTAKE DURING A GAME
Holohan, D., Hawley, J. A., & Palmer, G. S. (2000). Enhanced running performance with repeated carbohydrate-fluid ingestion during exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1829.
PRE-EXERCISE CHO INGESTION IMPAIRS SPRINTING
Diedrich, D., Davidson, C. J., Zderic, T. W., Wolf, A. J., & Coyle, E. F. (2001). The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on maximal neuromuscular power during moderate intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 252.
CHO SUPPLEMENTATION DURING EXTENDED EXERCISE INCREASES PERFORMANCE AND DECREASES STRESS
Simsch, C., Moshidi-Muhl, D., Bohm, B. O., Fehrenbach, E., Northoff, H., Trajanoski, Z., Steinacher, J. M., & Lehmann, M. (2001). Supplement of carbohydrates during prolonged exhaustive exercise: Influence on performance, stress reaction, and cytokines. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 253.
PRE-SWIM GLUCOSE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT ENDURANCE-SWIMMING PERFORMANCE
Langill, R. H., Smith, G. J., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). The effect of pre-exercise glucose ingestion on performance during prolonged swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 937.
THE SMALLER THE HARD-WORKING MUSCLE MASS, THE GREATER IS THE DEPENDENCY ON CARBOHYDRATES AS A FUEL SOURCE
Yasuda, N., Ruby, B. C., & Gaskill, S. E. (2001). Substrate utilization during arm and leg exercise relative to the ventilatory threshold in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 871.
CHO LOADING AND SUPPLEMENTATION INEFFECTIVE FOR WOMEN
Andrews, J., Sedlock, D. A., Flynn, M. G., Navalta, J., & Ji, H. (2001). Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in trained female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 933.
CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION AND MENSTRUAL PHASE DO NOT AFFECT PROLONGED PERFORMANCE
Speers, V. R., McLellan, T. M., Grisso, C. A., Smith, I. F., & Rodgers, C. D. (2001). Carobhydrate ingestion is not affected by menstrual phase in moderately trained females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1599.
INGESTED CHO IS USED LESS IN HOT THAN IN COOL TEMPERATURES
Jentjens, R. L., Bridge, M. W., Wagenmakers, A. J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2001). Reduced oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 19.
NO ADVANTAGES WITH GEL FORM OF CARBOHYDRATE
Bourdas, D., Moir, G., Salisbury, I., Badman, P., & Cochrane, T. (2001). Is gel form carbohydrate supplementation improving glucose profile? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 939.
CAFFEINE
CAFFEINE AND EPHEDRINE ARE ERGOGENIC IN HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE
Nevola, V. R., Weller, A. S., & Harrison, M. H. (1999). Cardiovascular effects of a combined dose of caffeine and ephedrine in man. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 448.
CAFFEINE AFFECTS BLOOD PRESSURE
Ryan, A. K., Dawson, M. L., Zabik, R. M., & Frye, P. A. (1999). The effect of caffeine on reaction time, hand steadiness and specific physiological variables. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 450.
CAFFEINE INCREASES ANAEROBIC POWER
Kang, H-S., & Kim, B. R. (1999). Acute effects of caffeine intake on the 30-s Wingate Test performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1348.
CAFFEINE MIGHT ASSIST SOME ATHLETES TO PERFORM ANAEROBIC WORK
Whelan, H. K., & Drinkwater, D. T. (1999). Effect of caffeine ingestion on high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 2067.
CAFFEINE INCREASES EARLY-STAGE FORCE PRODUCTION
Kalmar, J. M., Plaskett, C. J., & Cafarelli, E. (2000). Caffeine alters force sensation during sustained isometric contractions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 126.
CAFFEINE IMPROVES ROWING PERFORMANCE IN MOST MALES
Bruce, C. R., Anderson, M. E., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., Hopkins, W. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Enhancement of 2000-m rowing performance following caffeine ingestion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 127.
HIGHER DOSES OF CAFFEINE IMPROVE ROWING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES
Anderson, M. E., Bruce, C. R., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Improved 2000-m rowing performance in well-trained female rowers after caffeine ingestion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 128.
PERFORMANCE IS IMPROVED WITH CAFFEINE AND EPHEDRINE
Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., & Ellerington, K. (2001). Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1399-1403.
CAFFEINE ENHANCES CYCLING PERFORMANCE
Burke, L. M., Desbrow, B., Cox, G. R., Moquin, A., Martin, D. T., Burke, C. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2001). Effect of different caffeine intake protocols on metabolism and performance of prolonged cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 249.
CAFFEINE EFFECTS ARE MODIFIED BY STATE OF FATIGUE OF MUSCLES
Lewis, S. F., Soares, R., Lammi, E., Baker-Fulco, C., Lieberman, H. R., & Fulco, C. S. (2001). Knee extensor muscle endurance and caffeine dose before and after exhaustive dynamic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 927.
CAFFEINE STIMULATES ATHLETES BUT DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
Hunter, A. M., St. Claire Gibson, A., Collins, M., Wilson, G. R., Lambert, M., & Noakes, T. D. (2001). Caffeine alters pacing strategies without improving 100-km cycling time-trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 944.
OTHER SUBSTANCES
BOVINE COLOSTRUM INCREASES GROWTH FACTOR HORMONES
Mero, A., Kahkonen, J., Nykanen, T., Rasi, S., & Leppaluoto, J. (2000). (2000). Bovine colostrum supplemenation increases serum IGF-1, IgG, and saliva IgA in athletes during training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 464.
COLOSTRUM HAS NO EFFECT ON GROWTH HORMONES
Kuipers, H., Verlaan, G., & Smeets, R. (2001). Colostrum has no effect on growth factors and on a doping test. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1899.
WHEY PROTEIN, L-GLUTAMINE, AND BCAAS ENHANCE RESISTANCE TRAINING RESPONSES
Colker, C. M., Swain, M. A., Fabrucini, B., & Kalman, D. S. (2000). Supplemental protein influencing body composition and strength in athletic adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1661.
WHEY PROTEIN ENHANCES RESISTANCE TRAINING EFFECTS
Burke, D. G., Davison, K. S., Chillibeck, P. D., Farthing, J., & Woodgate, D. (2000). The effect of whey protein supplementation and resistance training on body composition and strength. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1663.
GLUTAMINE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OVERTRAINING
Koziris, L. P., Hickson, R. C., Chatterton Jr., R. T., Groseth, R. T., Christie, J. M., Osborne, D. F., & Karl, I. E. (1999). Progressive reductions in blood glutamine levels and improved performance occur with competitive swim training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 278.
VITAMIN K IMPROVES BONE FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS IN AMENORRHOEIC ATHLETES
Cracuin, A. M., Wolf, J., Knapen, M. H., Brouns, F., & Vermeer, C. (1008). Improved bone metabolism in female elite athletes after vitamin K supplementation. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 479-484.
ARTIFICIAL ENERGY STIMULATION
Rushall notes, 1990.
CIWUJIA DOES NOT ENHANCE ENDURANCE OR MODIFY PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Plowman, S. A., Dustman, K., Walicek, H., Corless, C., & Ehlers, G. (1999). The effects of ENDUROX on the physiological responses to stair stepping exercise. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70, 385-388.
PHOSPHAGEN HP (CREATINE + ELECTROLYTES) DID NOT IMPROVE SWIMMING PERFORMANCES
Renne, D. R., D'Acquisto, L. J., Nethery, V., & Gee, D. (1999). Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not enhance or compromise swimming performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 356.
BICARBONATE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT ARM WORK
Aschenbach, W., Ocel, J., Craft, L., Ward, C., Spangenburg, E., & Williams, J. (2000). Effect of oral sodium loading on high-intensity arm ergometry in college wrestlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 669-675.
GINSENG IS NOT BENEFICIAL FOR SHORT DURATION, SUPRAMAXIMAL EXERCISE
Kolokoouri, I., Engles, H-J., Cieslak, T., & Wirth, J. C. (1999). Effect of chronic ginseng supplementation on short duration, supramaximal exercise test performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 445.
5-HTP HAS NO ERGOGENIC EFFECT ON FATIGUE IN CYCLING
Hanse, J. J., Faria, E. W., & Faria, I. W. (1999). Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on central fatigue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 451.
HERBAL FORMULA COULD HAVE AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT
Lahr, J., Seifert, J. G., Burke, E. (1999). The effects of an herbal compound on lactic acid clearance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 452.
BETA-CAROTENE IMPROVES ENDURANCE RUNNING PERFORMANCE
Leblanc, K. E., & Nelson, A. G. (1999). Beta-carotene and exercise performance effects on race performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 453.
BCAA SUPPLEMENTATION DURING TRAINING IMPROVES RESISTANCE TO INFECTIONS
Bassit, R. A., Sawada, L., Navarro, F., Bacurau, R. F., & Cost Rosa, L. F. (1999). BCAA supplementation and the immune response in triathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 703.
AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IS ILL-ADVISED GIVEN THE LACK OF DEFINITIVE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PROCEDURE
Frey, W. O., Bitzi, R., Arnold, M., Langhans, W., Wank, C., & Frey-Rindova, P. (1999). Arginine aspartate supplementation in marathon runners reduces total plasma amino acid level. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 706.
MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES DO NOT IMPROVE CYCLING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES
Eimer, A. J., Webster, M. J., Boyd, J. C., Eschbach, L. C., McArthur, P. D., Zoeller, R. F., Krebs, G. V., & Angelopoulos, T. J. (1999). Physiological and performance responses of female endurance cyclists to supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides and carbohydrate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 459.
IRON DEPLETION DID NOT AFFECT CYCLING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES
DeRuisseau, K. C., Clarkson, P. M., Freedson, P. S., Volpe, S. L., & Rouzier, P. (1999). The effect of iron depletion on endurance performance in physically active females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 461.
PYRUVATE DOES NOT IMPROVE HIGH-INTENSITY, INTERMITTENT WORK
Hulver, M., Case, S., Ober, A., & Alspach, S. (1999). The effects of pyruvate ingestion on repeated exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 2068.
IRON REPLETION IMPROVES FERRITIN LEVELS
Friedman, B., Weller, E., Mairbauri, H., & Bartsch, P. (2001). Effects of iron repletion on blood volume and performance capacity in young athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 741-746.
HMB DOES NOT IMPROVE STRENGTH
Ransome, J. W., Neighbors, K. L., Adams, T. B., Jacobson, H. H., & LeFavi, R. G. (2000). The effect of B-hydroxyl B-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscular strength in collegiate athletes during a strenuous exercise program. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 137.
PYRUVATE DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES
Ehler, L., Sanders, M., & Antonio, J. (2000). Effects of low dose pyruvate on body composition, endurance, and muscular strength in moderately fit females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 141.
SIBERIAN GINSENG IS NOT ERGOGENIC
Chase, P. J., Darby, L. A., Liang, M. T., & Morgan, A. L. (2000). Efficacy of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) as an ergogenic nutritional supplement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 142.
L-CARNITINE IS NOT ERGOGENIC
Fortin, D. A., Willis, C. M., Headley, S. A., Winter, C., & Berger, J. J. (2000). L-carnitine supplement does not affect L/P ratios and sprint performance in elite male cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 460.
BEER IS NOT GOOD FOR POST-EXERCISE REHYDRATION
Hetzler, R. K., Titchinal, C. A., Lally, D., & Kahle, P. L. (2000). The effects of alcohol in been on rehydration after exercise in females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1147.
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION COULD BE NEEDED IN HEAVY TRAINING
Pavlou, K. N., Likomitros, V., Papadokonstantaki, M., Paxinos, T. & Mitsou, A. (2000). Protein needs in elite rowers during high intensity training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1665.
SERIOUS FEMALE ATHLETES SHOULD CONSIDER IRON SUPPLEMENTATION
Borjesson, M. A., Adolfsson, P., & Rodgjer, S. (2000). Iron deficiency and anemia in elite women athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 220.
IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES AEROBIC CAPACITY IN FEMALES
Friedman, B., Weller, E., Mairbauri, H., & Bartsch, P. (2000). Effects of iron repletion on red blood cell volume and exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 221.
RIBOSE HAS ERGOGENIC POSSIBILITIES FOR SPRINT CYCLING
Raue, U., Gallagher, P. M., Williamson, D., K., Godard, M. O., & Trappe, S. W. (2001). Effects of ribose supplementation on performance during repeated high-intensity cycle sprints. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 251.
FEMALE RUNNERS MIGHT NEED IRON SUPPLEMENTATION
Hokanson, J. F., & Daniels, J. (2001). Iron status of elite male and female distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 402.
ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION REDUCES MUSCLE DAMAGE
Bailey, D. M., Williams, C., Hurst, T., & Powell, J. (2001). Recovery from downhill running following ascorbic acid supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 695.
SHORT-TERM INCREASED PROTEIN DOES NOT AFFECT FLUID BALANCE
Hanley, L. J., Bolster, D. R., Pikowsky, M. A., Bennett, B. T., Maresh, C. M., Armstrong, L. E., Seen, A., Sinston, C., & Rodriguez, N. R. (2001). Effects of increased dietary protein intake on fluid balance indices in endurance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 786.
CARNOSINE RELATED TO SPRINT PERFORMANCE
Suzuki, Y., Ito, O., Mukai, N., Takahashi, H., & Takamatsu, K. (2001). Skeletal muscle carnosine levelmaycontribute to superior performance during high intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 896.
MORE PROTEIN REQUIRED WHEN EXERCISING FOR VERY LONG PERIODS
Grediagin, A., & Leklem, J. E. (2001). The effect of a 50-km ultramarathon on plasma urea nitrogen concentration and urinary nitrogen excretion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 922.
SODIUM PHOSPHATE DOES NOT ASSIST ANAEROBIC WORK
Tourville, T. W., Brennan, K. M., & Connolly, D. A. (2001). The effects of sodium phosphate supplementation on anaerobic power in trained male athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 929.
MIGHT BE SOME VALUE IN AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
Ohtani, M., Maruyama, K., Titchenal, C. A., & Kobayashi, K. (2001). Amino acid supplementation affects hematological and biochemical parameters in elite rugby players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 932.
PHOSPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT HELP ENDURANCE
Brennan, K. M., & Connolly, D. A. (2001). Effects of sodium phosphate supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption and blood lactate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 936.
VITAMIN C NOT HELPFUL AFTER SEVERE EXERCISE
Thompson, D., Williams, C., McGregor, S. J., Jones, S., Rengree, A., McArdle, F., & Jackson, M. J. (2001). Recovery from prolonged intermittent shuttle-running following post-exercise vitamin C supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 940.
NASAL DILATORS
TRAINED RUNNERS GET SOME AEROBIC BENEFIT FROM REPEATED USE OF NASAL DILATORS
Mengelkock, L. J., & Dunlevy, C. (2001). Effect of nasal dilator strips on maximal aerobic exercise performance in endurance athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 336.
TRAINED RUNNERS DO NOT CHANGE AEROBICALLY WHEN USING NASAL STRIPS
Resaland, G. K. Aasen, S. B., & Hallen J. (2001). External nasal strips do not alter cardio-respiratory response during submaximal and maximal exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 338.
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