Volume 8(2): October, 2002
FUEL AND ERGOGENIC AIDS 3.1 - CREATINE
This second issue of Volume 8 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with creatine use. Previous articles on this topic are contained in Volume 2(3) and volume 5(2). This issue is divided into the subsections of general theory; strength, power, and size; anaerobic work; repeated anaerobic work; and aerobic work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL FACTORS
DIET CHANGES WHEN INGESTING SWEETENED CREATINE
Scott, K., Renne, Dr. R., D'Acquisto, L. T., Nethery, V., & Gee, D. L. (1999). Carbohydrate containing creatine supplementation alters dietary intake in university swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 360.
CREATINE LOADING DOES NOT INCREASE PCr RESYNTHESIS IN INTERMITTENT EXERCISE
Vandenberghe, K., Van Hecke, P., Van Leemputte, M., Vanstapel, F., & Hespel, P. (1999). Phosphocreatine resynthesis is not affected by creatine loading. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 236-242.
CREATINE PREVENTS CREATINE AND PERFORMANCE LOSS DURING PERIODS OF ENERGY RESTRICTION
Walberg Rankin, J., Rockwell, J., & Toderico, B. (1999). Effect of oral creatine during energy restriction in athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 365.
CREATINE NOT HELPFUL FOR ROWERS
Bell, G. J., Syrotuik, D., Game, A., & Gillies, E. (1999). The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity training on performance in rowers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1289.
CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE SKATING PERFORMANCE
Cornish, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Burke, D. G., & Whelan, H. K. (2000). The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint skating in hockey players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 553.
CREATINE NOT ERGOGENIC FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Wilder, N., Deivert, R. G., Hagerman, F., & Gilders, R. (2001). The effects of low-dose creatine supplementation versus creatine loading in collegiate football players. Journal of Athletic Training, 36, 124-129.
CREATINE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CRAMPS OR INJURY
Kreider, R., Melton, C., Hunt, J., Rasmussen, J., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine does not increase incidence of cramping or injury during pre-season college football training I. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1794.
CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT HEAT REGULATION
Barkdull, T., J., O'Brien, K. K., Bathalon, G. P., Armstrong, D. W., & Deuster, P. A. (2000). Creatine's effects on heat dissipation during submaximal aerobic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 455.
CREATINE DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THERMOREGULATION
Mendel, R. W., Cheatham, C. C., & Sinning, W. E. (2000). Creatine supplementation effects on cardiovascular and thermal responses during exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 900.
CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE THERMOREGULATION IN EXERCISING MALES
Rosene, J. M., & Whitman, S. A. (2001). Effects of short-term creatine supplementation on thermoregulation in males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1146.
ONE YEAR OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DID NOT AFFECT HEALTH
Kreider, R., Rasmussen, C., Melton, C., Greenwood, M., Stroud, T., Ransom, J., Cantler, E., Milnor, P., & Almada, A. (2000). Long-term creatine supplementation does not adversely affect clinical markers of health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 547.
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT FLUID OR ELECTROLYTE STATUS
Rasmussen, C., Kreider, R., Ransom, J., Hunt, J., Melton, C., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine supplementation during pre-season football training does not affect fluid or electrolyte status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1485.
CREATINE DOES NOT ALTER MUSCLE SORENESS
Boyd, J. C., Magal, M., Soukup, J. T., Sechbach, L. C., Drake, S. D., & Webster, M. J. (2000). Influence of creatine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle torque. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 549.
CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE CRAMPING OR INJURY IN BASEBALL PLAYERS
Greenwood, L. D., Greenwood, M., Freider, R., & Byars, A. (2000). Effects of creatine supplementation on the incidence of cramping/injury during collegiate fall baseball. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 560.
CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE CRAMPING OR INJURY IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Greenwood, M., Kreider, R., Greenwood, L. D., & Byers, A. (2000). Effects of creatine supplementation on the incidence of cramping/injury during college football three a day training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 561.
CREATINE USE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTION IN INJURY RATES IN FOOTBALL
Hunt, J., Kreider, R., Melton, C., Ransom, J., Rasmussen, C., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine does not increase incidence of cramping or injury during pre-season college football training II. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1795.
CREATINE USE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS INJURIES
Ortega Gallo, P. A., Dimeo, F., Batista, F., Betchakian, L., Carcia Cambon, C., & Griffa, J. (2000). Creatine supplementation in soccer players, effects on body composition, and incidence of sports-related injuries. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 552.
NO SIDE EFFECTS WITH 12 WEEKS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION
Millard-Stafford, M. A., Snow, T. K., & Rosskopf, L. B. (2000). Limited side effects associated with creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 545.
CREATINE CAUSES INTESTINAL PROBLEMS WITHOUT AFFECTING MOOD
Koehler, S., Kuehl, K., Dulacki, K., Goldberg, L., & Elliot, D. (2000). Adverse and mood altering effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 555.
LIVER OR KIDNEYS NOT AFFECTED BY CREATINE
Mayhew, D. L., Satterly III, T. F., Ware, J. S., & Mayhew, J. L. (2000). Effect on long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function in college football players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 558.
A BETTER RECIPE FOR CREATINE?
Kalman, D. S., Colker, C. M., Swain, M. A., Shi, Q., & Maharam, L. G. (2000). A double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating different creatine monohydrate formulations in resistance trained males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 562.
REVIEW OF THE FUNCTION AND EFFECTS OF CREATINE - RESULTS ARE NOT CLEAR CUT
Demant, T. W., & Rhodes, E. C. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 28, 48-59.
STRENGTH, POWER, AND SIZE
CREATINE INGESTION IMPROVES STRENGTH AND TIME TO FATIGUE IN UNTRAINED MUSCLES
Urbanski, R. L., Foy, S. F., Vincent, W. J., & Yaspelkis, B. B. (1999). Creatine supplementation differentially affects maximal isometric strength and time to fatigue in large and small muscle groups. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 9(2), 136-145.
CREATINE PROLONGS MAXIMAL POWER OUTPUT IN RUNNING AND JUMPING
Bosco, C., Tihanyi, J., Pucspk, J., Kovacs, I., Gabossy, A., Colli, R., Pulvirenti, G., Tranquilli, C., Foti, C., Viru, M., & Viru, A. (1997). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on jumping and running performance. Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 369-372.
CREATINE IMPROVES BODY MASS AND DYNAMIC STRENGTH PERFORMANCE
Kreider, R. B., Ferreira, M., Wilson, M., Grindstaff, P., Plisk, S., Reinardy, J., Cantler, E., & Almada, A. L. (1998). Effects of cratine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, 73-82.
RESISTANCE-TRAINED HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES DO NOT BENEFIT FROM CREATINE
Quackenbush, A., Locascio, F., Gorman, M., Wygand, J., & Otto, R. M. (1999). The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition of high school athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 357.
CREATINE BUILDS ARM BULK, STRENGTH, AND SIZE
Becque, M. D., Lochmann, J. D., & Melrose, D. R. (2000). Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 654-658.
CREATINE ENHANCES HOKEY PLAYERS' SKATING SPEED
Jones, A. M., Atter, T., & Georg, K. P. (1999). Oral creatine supplementation improves multiple sprint performance in elite ice-hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39, 189-196.
CREATINE INCREASES STRENGTH FACTORS BECAUSE IT SUPPORTS MORE TRAINING
Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Mutukian, M., Gomez, A L., Staron, R. S., & Kraemer, W. J. (1999). Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to 12 weeks of creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 362.
CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT ARM OR LEG POWER
Green, M., McLester, J. R., Smith, J. F., & Mansfield, E. R. (1999). The effects of creatine loading on repeated upper and lower body Wingate performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 364.
CREATINE AND HEAVY RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPACTS TESTOSTERONE FUNCTION
Gomez, A. L., Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzem, S. A., Putukian, M., & Kraemer, W. J. (1999). Blood lipid and hormonal responses to 12 weeks of creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1273.
CREATINE IMPROVES MUSCLE FUNCTION IN WOMEN
Kambis, K. W., & Pizzedaz, S. K. (1999). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on maximum quadriceps contraction in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1277.
CREATINE INCREASES POWER OUTPUT IN LONG-TERM INTERMITTENT EXERCISE
Ishizaki, S. (1999). The effect of oral creatine supplementation on power output during long-term intermittent exercise in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1282.
CREATINE INCREASES RECOVERY RATE AFTER ISOMETRIC FATIGUE
Feinstein, T. M., Claybon, E. M., Lund, R. J., Peters, P., Lyle, M. A., Cox, R. H., & Wiley, R. L. (1999). Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on recovery time during repeated bouts of isometric handgrip. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1284.
CREATINE IMPROVES ISOKINETIC STRENGTH
Armstrong, D. C., Nemec, S. A., & Seelback, J. D. (2000). Effect of creatine supplementation on isokinetic training performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 550.
CREATINE EFFECTS ONLY SHOW FOR STRENGTH
Dulacki, K., Kuehl, K., Koehler, S., Elliot, D., & Goldberg, L. (2000). Effects of creatine on body composition, strength, maximal aerobic capacity, cholesterol and gender. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 554.
CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE THE ABILITY TO WORK HARDER
Schulte, J. N., Noreen, E. E., Bachman, L. D., Nieminen, T. J., & Lemon, P. W. (2000). Does creatine monohydrate supplementation enhance muscle development due to a super-training effect? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 556.
UNTRAINED SUBJECTS RESPOND WELL TO CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION
Burke, D. G., Silver, S., Holt, L. E., Smith-Palmer, T., Culligan, C. J., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2000). The effect of continuous low dose creatine supplementation on force, power, and total work. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 10, 235-244.
CREATINE MAINTAINS HORMONAL EFFECTIVENESS DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING
French, D. N., Volek, J. S., Ratamess, N. A., Mazzetti, S. A., Rubin, M. R., Gomes, A. L., Wickham, R. B., Doan, B. K., McGuigan, M. R., Scheet, T. P., Newton, R. U., Dorofeyeva, E., & Kraemer, W. J. (2001). The effects of creatine supplementation on resting serum hormonal concentrations during short-term resistance training overreaching. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1142.
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION AS GOOD AS CREATINE FOR STRENGTH AND POWER DEVELOPMENT
Tarnopolsky, M. A., Parise, G., Yardley, N. J., Ballantyne, C. N., Olatunji, S., & Phillips, S. M. (2000). Post-exercise glucose-protein and glucose-creatine result in similar increases in strength, power and fat-free-mass during resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 745.
CREATINE PLUS WEIGHT TRAINING PRODUCES DESIRABLE BENEFITS
Arciero, P. J., Hannibal III, N., Hamed, J., & Gentile, C. (1999). Effect of creatine on resting metabolic rate, body composition, strength, and blood cholesterol. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1279.
ANAEROBIC WORK
ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE CAN BE ELEVATED AND MAINTAINED WITH CREATINE
Cook, C. B., Theodorou, A., King, R. F., Gibbon, W., & Frain, M. (1999). The effects of a creatine maintenance dosage on muscle metabolites and anaerobic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 354.
CREATINE AFFECTS PERFORMANCE ONLY WHEN REST INTERVALS ARE LONG
Carl, D. L., Alperin, N., Kochendorfer, K., Stieger, J., Andres, F., & Broadley, D. (1999). Effect of oral creatine and caffeine on muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1283.
CREATINE ONLY HELPS MEN SWIM FASTER OVER 50 YARDS
Leenders, N., Sherman, W. M., Lamb, D. R., & Nelson, T. E. (1999). Creatine supplementation and swimming performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 9, 251-262.
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CRAMPING FACTORS OR IMPROVED ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE
McArthur, P. D., Webster, M. J., Boyd, J. C., May, R. A., Eschbach, L. C., Eimer, A. J., Angelopoulos, T. J., Zoeller, R. F., & Krebs, G. V. (1999). Creatine supplementation and acute dehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1276.
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES SHORT-DURATION PERFORMANCE
Vukovich, M. D., & Peeters, B. M. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance: A meta-analytical review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1278.
CREATINE ONLY AFFECTS SINGLE SPRINT EFFORTS IN SWIMMING
Selsby, J. T., Beckett, K. D., Devor, S. T., & Kern, M. (2001). Swim performance following creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1159.
CREATINE IMPROVES SHORT-BURST EXERCISE BUT DOES NOT GIVE ANY ADDED ADVANTAGE IN HOT-HUMID CONDITIONS
Papadopoulus, C., Imamura, R., & Brandon, L. J. (2001). The effect of creatine supplementation on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1144.
MODEST CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT ANAEROBIC WORK
White, M. T., & Faria, I. E. (1999). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic power in trained cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 367.
CREATINE NOT BENEFICIAL FOR SHORT-BURST MAXIMAL CYCLING TASKS
McDonough, P., Biggerstaff, K. D., Bearden, S. E., Bergen, J., Cheuvront, S. N., Moffatt, R. J., & Haymes, E. M. (1999). Creatine monohydrate and cycle ergometry: Effects on hydration status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 474.
CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT HYDRATION OR ENHANCE SPRINT PERFORMANCE
Webster, M. J., Vogel, R. A., Erdman, L. D., & Clark, R. D. (1999). Creatine supplementation: Effect on exercise performance at two levels of acute dehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1285.
CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT ANAEROBIC FACTORS IN OARSWOMEN
Faria, E. W., White, M. T., Coragan, C., & Faria, I. E. (2000). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on AOD, AT, and blood lactate in oarswomen. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 559.
META-ANALYSIS SHOWS CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE
Misic, M. M., Kelley, G. A., Plowman, S. A., & Schlabach, G. A. (2000). The effects of creatine supplementation on anaerobic performance: Preliminary meta-analytic results. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 567.
CREATINE DOES NOT HELP SPRINTING AT THE END OF A LONG RACE
Byrd, P., Hatley, H., & Hickner, R. C. (2000). Effect of 28 days of creatine supplementation on performance of a simulated cycling road race. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 749.
CREATINE DOES NOT INFLUENCE SUPRAMAXIMAL CYCLING
Swensen, T., Kelly, B., Wigglesworth, J., & Keller, B. (2001). Effect of creatine and recovery time on power output during 45-second supramaximal cycling intervals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1158.
REPEATED ANAEROBIC WORK
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION EXTENDS THE VOLUME OF HIGH-QUALITY INTERVAL TRAINING
Ricketts, J. C., & Zachweija, J. J. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on swim power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1243.
CREATINE ENHANCES THE PERFORMANCE OF REPETITIOUS SPRINT TASKS
Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Ibanez, J., Izquierdo, M., & Gorostiaga, E. (2000). Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 518-525.
CREATINE IMPROVES REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCES
Preen, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Lawrence, S., Beilby, J., & Ching, S. (2001). Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 814-821.
CREATINE IMPROVES REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCES IN THE HEAT
Hulver, M. W., Campbell, A., Haff, G., Schroeder, C., Comeau, M., & Potteiger, J. A. (2000). The effects of creatine supplementation on total body fluids, performance, and muscle cramping during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 546.
CREATINE IMPROVES PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOCCER PLAY IN FEMALES
Cox, G. R., Burke, L. M., Mujika, I., & Tumilty, D. (2001). Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1149.
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES HIGH-INTENSITY, INTERMITTENT EXERCISE IN SQUASH
Romer, L. M., Barington, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2001). Effects of oral creatine supplementation on high intensity, intermittent exercise performance in competitive squash players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1151.
CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION MAY DELAY NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE IN FEMALES
Stout, J., Eckerson, J., Moore, G., Ebersole, K., Perry, S., & Bull, A. (1999). The effects of creatine loading on neuromuscular fatigue threshold in female athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 358.
ONE TIME CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION HAS MINOR PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Cassleman, M. A., Marsh, G., D., Saab, G., & Thompson, R. T. (2000). Effect of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism during high-intensity, interval exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 548.
AEROBIC WORK
ENDURANCE TRAINING INCREASES THE CAPACITY TO RECOVER AND STORE GLYCOGEN AFTER EXERCISE
Griewe, J. S., Hickner, R. C., Hansen, P. A., Racette, S. B., Chen, M. M., & Holloszey, J. O. (1999). Effects of endurance exercise training on muscle glycogen accumulation in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 82.
FEMALES FUEL AEROBIC EXERCISE DIFFERENTLY TO MALES
Jacobs, I., Moroz, D., Tikuisis, P., & Vallerand, A. (2000). Muscle glycogen in females after exercise at 9 and 21 degrees Celsius. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1684.
CREATINE IMPROVES TIME TO FATIGUE IN FEMALES MORE THAN IN MALES
Franaux, M., Louis, M., Sturbois, X., & Poortmans, J. R. (2001). Effects of creatine supplementation in males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1152.
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