Volume 4(1): September, 1998
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING 2
This first issue of Volume 4 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with principles and factors associated with training program content. The previous issue, namely Volume 1(1), also dealt with this topic. Including the information from that source with that contained in this issue will yield an extensive knowledge base of recent research in sports conditioning.
This volume constitutes the commencement of the second cycle of topics embraced by this journal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ENDURANCE TRAINING
AEROBIC TRAINING IN FEMALES OF VARYING AGES
Welsman, J. R., Armstrong, N., Chedzoy, S., & Withers, S. (1996). Aerobic training in 10 year-old and adult females. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 18.
ENDURANCE TRAINING IN FEMALES
Eliakim, A., Renslo, R., Barstow, T. J., & Cooper, D. M. (1996). Effect of endurance training on muscle volume and VO2max in adolescent females. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 19.
AEROBIC TRAINING LOAD CHANGES
Gomes, P. S., & Bhambhani, Y. (1996). Time course changes and dissociation in VO2 at maximum and submaximum exercise levels as a result of training in males. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 81.
ERYTHROPOIETIN AND EXERCISE
Bodary, P. F., Pate, R. R., Wu, Q. F., & Bodary, J. M. (1996). The effect of exercise intensity on erythropoietin levels following acute exercise in trained runners. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 496.
ENDURANCE TRAINING IN TOP CLASS ROWERS
Hartmann, U., & Mader, A. (1966). Oxygen uptake, heart rate and lactate during endurance training in top class rowers. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 744.
STEADY-STATE VERSUS INTERVAL WORK PRIOR TO CYCLING PERFORMANCE
Palmer, G. S., Hawley, J. A., Dennis, S. C., & Noakes, T. D. (1996). Improved cycling performance after steady state versus variable intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 757.
OXYGEN DRIFT NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ACID-BASE BALANCE
Heck, K. L., Potteiger, J. A., Nau, K. L., & Schroeder, J. M. (1996). Induced alkalosis does not attenuate the oxygen drift during constant-load exercise. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 1082.
STROKE VOLUME RESPONSE ALTERED BY TRAINING
Derchak, P. A., Gavin, T. P., & Stager, J. M. (1997). Different predictors of maximal exercise stroke volume in trained and untrained subjects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 285.
LACTATE THRESHOLD TRAINING RELATIVELY USELESS FOR CONDITIONED ATHLETES
Londeree, B. R. (1997). Effect of training on lactate/ventilatory thresholds: A meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 837-843.
AFTERNOON TRAINING IS BEST FOR AEROBIC ADAPTATION
Torii, J., Shinkai, S., Hino, S., Kurokawa, Y., Tomita, N., Hirose, M., Watanabe, Shuichiro, Watanabe, Seiichiro, & Watanabe, T. (1992). Effect of time of day on adaptive response to a 4-week aerobic exercise program. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31, 348-352.
AEROBIC TRAINING IMPROVES STROKE LENGTH
Wakayoshi, K., Yoshida, T., Ikuta, Y., Mutoh, Y., & Miyashita, M. (1993). Adaptations to six months of aerobic swim training: Changes in velocity, stroke rate, stroke length and blood lactate. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 14, 368-372.
INTERMITTENT TRAINING IS MORE DEMANDING ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT THAN CONTINUOUS TRAINING
Almuzaini, K. S., Potteiger, J. A., & Green, S. B. (1977). A comparison of continuous and split exercise sessions on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and resting metabolic rate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1112.
OFF-SEASON AEROBIC TRAINING HAS ONLY SPECIFIC AEROBIC EFFECTS
Isaka, T., & Takahashi, K. (1997). Effects of off- and pre-season training on aerobic and anaerobic power of kayak paddlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1242.
AEROBIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANOE/KAYAK RACES
Byrnes, W. C., & Kearney, J. T. (1997). Aerobic and anaerobic contributions during simulated canoe/kayak sprint events. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1256.
AEROBIC TRAINING AT 4Mm PRODUCES AEROBIC ADAPTATIONS
Baltaci, G., & Ergun, N. (1997). Effect of endurance training on maximal aerobic power of competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1260.
AN OPTIMAL LEVEL OF SPECIFIC INTENSIFIED TRAINING GIVES BEST RESULTS
Billat, V. L., Petit, B., Koralsztein, J. P., & Fletcher, B. (1997). Overload training at vVO2max does not alter performance at vVO2max. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1389.
SPRINT TRAINING
SPRINT TRAINING UNTRAINED INDIVIDUALS
MacDougall, J. D., Hicks, A. L., MacDonald, J. R., McKelvie, R. S., Green, H. J., & Smith, K. M. (1996). Muscle enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 126.
POWER IN KAYAKING
Isaka, T., & Takahashi, K. (1996). Aerobic and anaerobic power of kayak paddlers. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 411.
FACTORS FOR TRAINING EXPLOSIVE POWER
Kraemer, W. J., & Newton, R. U. (1994). Training for improved vertical jump. Sports Science Exchange, 7(6), 1-12.
MUSCLE FIBERS DETERMINE WORK POTENTIAL
Esbjornsson, M., Sylven, C., Holm, J., & Jansson, E. (1993). Fast twitch fibers may predict anaerobic performance in both females and males. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 14, 257-263.
STRENGTH IMPROVES WITH A TAPER (REST)
Gibala, M. J., MacDougall, J. D., & Sale, D. G. (1994). The effects of tapering on strength performance in trained athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 15, 492-497.
STRETCH-SHORTENING FATIGUE NOT IMPROVED THROUGH TRAINING
Nicol, C., Avela, J., & Komi, P. V. (1997). Effects of repeated exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise (SSC) on short latency reflex responses. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract, 1125.
WHAT TO EMPHASIZE IN EXPLOSIVE TRAINING
Bauer, J., Fry, A., & Carter, C. (1997). Comparison of novice versus expert for a hang clean lift: Muscle activation and temporal differences. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1126.
SPRINT TRAINING AS GOOD AS "REACTION COACH" TRAINING
Sharin, M., Zanelli, A., Wygand, J., & Otto, R. M. (1997). The effect of reaction training vs sprints training on speed and power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1497.
RECOVERY
STRETCHING AND EXERCISE RECOVERY
Young, J. C., & Pitt, K. T. (1996). Effect of static stretching on lactate removal after high intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 406.
RECOVERY AFTER ANAEROBIC WORK
Gitto, A. T., Rhodes, E. C., Martin, A. D., Taunton, J. E., & McKenzie, D. C. (1996). Relationship of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption to VO2max and recovery rate. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 408.
ACTIVE RECOVERY SUSTAINS WORK INTENSITY LONGER THAN PASSIVE RECOVERY
Connolly, D. A., & Baker, S. J. (1997). Effects of recovery mode on power output in repeated bouts of short term, high intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1496.
GENERAL
UNTRAINED INDIVIDUALS RESPOND SIMILARLY NO MATTER WHAT THE TRAINING
Porcari, J. P., Steffan, J., Fater, D., Eber, T., Seimer, B., Angilini, M., & Holloway, K. (1996). Effects of 12 weeks of stationary cycling, treadmill walking, stepping, or simulated cross-country skiing on aerobic capacity and body composition. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 77.
SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND PERFORMANCE
Lindsey, R., Thompson, W. R., & Mayberry, B. (1996). The effects of 30 hours sleep deprivation on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 755.
RESPONSES OF JUNIOR TRIATHLETES
Gibbons, T. P., Mulligan, S. E., Wilber, R. L., & Kearney, J. T. (1996). Physiological responses in elite junior triathletes during field testing. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 756.
THE ROLE OF FLEXIBILITY
From a conversation with Dr. Larry Holt in San Diego, 22 November, 1996.
BONE MINERALIZATION IN TRAINED FEMALE RUNNERS
Okano, H., Misunuma, H., Soda, M., Matsui, H., Aoki, I., Honjo, S., & Ibuki, Y. (1995). Effects of exercise and amenorrhea on bone mineral density in teenage runners. Journal of Endocrinology, 42, 271-276.
CYCLING INTERFERES WITH RUNNING
Gottschall, J. S., & Palmer, B. M. (1997). The acute effects of cycling on running kinematics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 493.
TECHNIQUE CHANGE MAY BE DIFFICULT BUT IT PRODUCES GREAT IMPROVEMENTS IN PERFORMANCE
Gnehm, P., Reichenbach, S., Altpeter, E., Widmer, H., & Hoppeler, H. (1997). Influence of different racing positions on metabolic cost in elite cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 818-823.
STRETCHING ROUTINES SHOULD CEASE ONE HOUR BEFORE AN EVENT
Fowles, J. R., & Sale, D. G. (1997). Time course of strength deficit after maximal passive stretch in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 155.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS
Berglund, B., & Safstrom, H. (1994). Psychological monitoring and modulation of training load of world-class canoeists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 1036-1040.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING NOT USEFUL FOR ADVANCED ATHLETES
Rushall Thoughts, 1997.
SOME OPINIONS ON TRAINING
Sleivert, G. (1997). Training and competing in the mystery zone. Sportscience News, [https://www.sportsci.org/news/news9709/sleivert.htm].
TRAIN BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC ENERGY SYSTEMS MAXIMALLY AT THE SAME TIME
Tabata, I., Irisawa, K., Kouzaki, M., Nisimura, K., Ogita, F., & Miyachi, M. (1997). Metabolic profile of high intensity intermittent exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 390-395.
REGULATING ENERGY OUTPUT IN CONTESTS OVER UNEVEN TERRAIN
Swain, D. P. (1997). A model for optimizing cycling performance by varying power on hills and in wind. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 1104-1108.
INCREASE TRAINING QUALITY AND GET BETTER PERFORMANCES
Lindsay, F. H., Hawley, J. A., Myburgh, K. H., Schomer, H. H., Noakes, T. D., & Dennis, S. C. (1996). Improved athletic performance in highly trained cyclists after interval training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 1427-1434.
SPRINTERS AND DISTANCE RUNNERS RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO EXERCISE
Torok, D. J., Duey, W. J., Bassett, D. R., Jr., Howley, E. T., & Mancuso, P. (1995). Cardiovascular responses to exercise in sprinters and distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 1050-1056.
RUNNING TRAINING DOES NOT NECESSARILY CHANGE MECHANICS
Lake, M. J., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1996). Six weeks of training does not change running mechanics or improve running economy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 860-869.
SPURIOUS BENEFITS OF AUXILIARY TRAINING IN ELITE SKIERS
Rusko, H. K., Paavolainen, L. M., Vahasoyrinki, P., & Vaananen, I. (1997). Effect of increased training quality on response to ski training on snow in elite cross-country skiers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1266.
A SEASON OF BASKETBALL DOES NOT IMPROVE PHYSIOLOGICAL FITNESS
Kleinschmidt, L. A., Butts, N. K., Kennedy, C., Meyer, J., & Mowbray, R. (1997). Physiological alterations during a basketball season in college women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1283.
A WEEKEND OF SWIMMING COMPETITION PRODUCES OVERTRAINING SYMPTOMS
Griffin, A., & Unnithan, V. B. (1997). Physiological effects on intense swimming competition on elite female swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1617.
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