DRUGS IN SPORT 5

This sixth issue of Volume 17 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with drugs in sport. The entries in this issue have served as a resource for the editor when trying to understand this complex and undesirable phenomenon. It is far from being exhaustive of the topic.

Other resources that are related to this issue's topic are as follows:

• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 2.1 - Creatine (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 2.2 - General (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 3.1 - Creatine (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 3.2 - General (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 4.1 - Creatine (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 4.2 - General (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Drugs in Sport (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Drugs in Sport 2 (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Drugs in Sport 3 (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Drugs in Sport 4 (Coaching Science Abstracts).

1. GENERAL AND TESTING

1. SUPPLEMENT USE BY PORTUGUESE SWIMMERS

   Teixeira, V. H., Sousa, M., & Moreira, P. (2009). The use of nutritional supplements by elite Portuguese swimmers. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

2. PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG USERS INFLATE ESTIMATES OF WIDER DRUG USE

   Petróczi, A., Mazanov, J., Nepusz, T., Backhouse, S H., & Naughton, D. P. (2008). Comfort in big numbers: Does over-estimation of doping prevalence in others indicate self-involvement? Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 3, 19 (5 September 2008).

3. HEMOGLOBIN MASS COULD BE USED TO INDICATE BLOOD MANIPULATIONS

   Schmidt, W. F., Volzke, C., Wachsmuth, N., Wolfarth, B. Schmidt-Trucksass, A., Steinacker, J., Treff, G., Stray-Gundersen, J., Eastwood, A., & Prommer, N. (2011). Variation of hemoglobin mass in elite endurance athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2352.

4. MANY ASTHMATIC ATHLETES ARE TREATED UNFAIRLY BY CURRENT ANTI-DOPING RULES

   Naranjo Orellana, J., Centeno Prada, R. A., & Carranza Ma'rquez, M. D. (2006). Use of b2 agonists in sport: are the present criteria right? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 363-366.

5. WADA HAS GOT IT WRONG AGAIN

   Zinner, C., Wahl, P., Haegele, M., Achtzehn, S., de Marées, M., & Mester, J. (2009). Changes in Hct and Hb in response to HIT and HVT. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.
   2. STEROIDS AND PROHORMONES

6. INGESTION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF 19-NORANDROSTENEDIONE PRODUCES POSITIVE DOPING TEST RESULTS IN SOME INDIVIDUALS – ANOTHER UNFAIR TESTING PRACTICE

   Watson, P., Judkins, C., Houghton, E., Russell, C., & Maughan, R. (2009). Urinary nandrolone metabolite detection after ingestion of a nandrolone precursor. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(4), 766-772.

7. NANDROLONE KINETICS DIFFER BETWEEN SOLID AND FLUID INTAKE

   Watson, P., Houghton, E., Grace, P. B., Judkins, C., Dunster, P. M., & Maughan, R. J. (2009). Excretion patterns of nandrolone metabolites after ingestion of a nandrolone pro-hormone: Effect of delivery mode. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1129.

8. STRENGTH AND POWER TRAINING CHANGES ARE REFLECTED IN HORMONAL MARKERS

   Winchester, J. B., Nelson, A. G., Stewart, L. K., & Stone, M. H. (2009). Testosterone to cortisol ratio shows strong relationship with adaptation to a strength and power training regimen in American-style collegiate football players. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2410.
   3. ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)

9. THE MECHANISMS OF ERYTHROPOIETIN AND BLOOD DOPING AND WHETHER THEY CAUSE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS ARE PURELY SPECULATIVE

   Boning, D., Maassen, N., & Pries, A. (2009). Mechanisms of doping with erythropoietin or blood infusion. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 744.

10. EPO, TESTING, AND PERFORMANCE

    Rushall, B. S. (2008). Rushall Comment August 1, 2008.

11. RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN SUPPLEMENTS IMPROVE CYCLING PERFORMANCE

    Annaheim, S., Jacob, M., Krafft, A., & Boutellier, U. (2009). Effect of different rhepo dosages on cycling performance. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.
    4. CAFFEINE

12. CAFFEINE AS GOOD AS ALBUTEROL FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

    VanHaitsma, T. A., Mickleborough, T. D., Lindley, M. R., Kocega, D., & Stager, J. M. (2009). Comparative and synergistic effects of caffeine and albuterol on the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2544.

13. LOW-DOSE CAFFEINE IS NOT PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING

    Ryan, E. J., Kim, C. Muller, M. D. Jankowski-Wilkinson, A., Russell, M., Bliss, M. V., Bellar, D. M., Otterstetter, R., Barkley, J. E., Glickman, E. L., & Kamimori, G. H. (2009). Low dose caffeine does not enhance cycle time to exhaustion. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 875.

14. INCREASING TEMPERATURE MODERATES CAFFEINE EFFECTS

    Ganio, M. S., Klau, J. F., Johnson, E. C., Casa, D. J., Volek, J. S., Anderson, J. M., Mares, C. M., & Armstrong, L. E. (2009). Effect of ambient temperature on caffeine ergogenicity during endurance exercise. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 877.

15. ONLY TRAINED INDIVIDUALS' PERFORMANCES BENEFIT FROM CAFFEINE INGESTION

    Collomp, K., Ahmaidi, S., Chatard, J. C., Audran, M., & Préfaut, C. (1992). Benefits of caffeine ingestion on sprint performance in trained and untrained swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 64, 377-380.

16. REACTION TIME IMPROVES WITH EXERCISE AND CAFFEINE ADMINISTRATION

    Ryan, E. J., Jankowski-Wilkinson, A., Bellar, D. M., Kim, C-H., Muller, M. D., Russell, M., Otterstetter, R., Glickman, E. L., & Mamimori, G. H. (June 2, 2010). The effects of caffeine administered in chewing gum on psychomotor performance following acute bouts of exhaustive cycling. Presentation 1477 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

17. CAFFEINE ONLY IMPROVES BEST SPRINT TIME AND IS SIMILAR IN GENDER EFFECTS

    Jordan, J. B., Caputo, J. L., & Farley, R. S. (June 03, 2010). The effects of caffeine supplementation on multiple bouts of sprint running performance. Presentation 1913 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; .

18. CAFFEINE IMPROVES WORK OUTPUT IN YOUNG BOYS

    Turley, K. R., Townsend, J. R., Rivas, J. D., Morton, A. B., Kosarek, J. W., & Cullum, M. G. (June 03, 2010). Effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance in young boys. Presentation 1914 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

19. CAFFEINE-CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION IMPROVES RESISTANCE TRAINING PERFORMANCE IN SOME EXERCISES BUT NOT IN OTHERS

    Campbell, B. I., Downing, J., Kilpatrick, M., La Bounty, P., Elkins, A., Williams, S., dos Santos, M. G., Chang, T. Willey, S., & Kreider, R. (June 03, 2010). The effects of a commercially available energy drink on resistance training performance. Presentation 1929 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

20. CAFFEINE IMPROVES ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

    Desbrow, B., Irwin, C., Ellis, A., O'Keefe, B., Grant, G., & Leveritt, M. (2010). Caffeine withdrawal and high intensity endurance cycling performance. Presentation 924 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

21. CAFFEINE INCREASES ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    Coso, J. D., Mamouti, N., Fernandez-Elias, B., Ortega, J. F., Munoz-Guerra, J., & Mora-Rodriguez, R. (2010). Dose-response benefits of caffeine ingestion on sprint performance during high-intensity exercise. Presentation 925 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

22. CAFFEINE PLUS WATER OR CAFFEINE PLUS CARBOHYDRATE IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

    Conger, S. A., Warren, G. L., & Millard-Stafford, M. L. (2010). Addition of caffeine to carbohydrate: improved ergogenic effect for endurance exercise? Presentation 926 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

23. CAFFEINE PLUS ADDITIVES DOES NOT AFFECT STRENGTH OR ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

    Walter, A. A., Herda, T. J., Ryan, E. D., Costa, P. B., Hoge, K. M., Beck, T. W., Stout, J. R., & Cramer, J. T. (2009). Acute effects of a caffeine-containing thermogenic supplement on endurance performance and muscular strength in men. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1902.

24. CAFFEINE DOES NOT IMPROVE A TOTAL RESISTANCE WORKOUT

    Jo, E., Martinez, M., Lee, B. E., Coburn, J. W., Matthew, B., Gochioco, M., & Judelson, D. A. (June 03, 2010). Effects of caffeine on resistance exercise performance, mood, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Presentation 1915 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

25. CAFFEINE DOES NOT CHANGE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN RESISTANCE EXERCISE

    Burnett, T. R., Terzi, M., & Astorino, T. A. (2009). Effect of caffeine ingestion on muscle performance during repeated bouts of knee extension and flexion. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 878.

26. CAFFEINE DOES NOT ENHANCE PERFORMANCE IN THE COLD

    Thomas, W. E., Judelson, D. A., Bagley, J. R., Coburn, J. W., Kersey, R. D., & Rubin, D. A. (2010). Effect of caffeine supplementation on cycling performance during cold stress. Presentation 927 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

27. CAFFEINE HAS NO EFFECT ON SHORT-DURATION SPRINTING

    Glaister, M., Patterson, S. D., Foley, P., Pedlar, C., Pattison, J. R., & Mehmes, G. (2011). Caffeine and sprinting performance: Dose responses and efficacy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2367.

28. CAFFEINE IMPROVES SELECTIVE ATTENTION POST-EXERCISE

    Williamson, M. L., Ryan, E. J., Fickes, E. J., Kim, C. H., Gunstad, J., Kaminori, G. H., & Glickman, E. L. (2011). Caffeine, exercise, and selective attention. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 1301.

29. CARBOHYDRATE AND CAFFEINE SHOULD BE COMBINED TO IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

    Luden, N. D., Acker, T. L., Shafer, B. M., Saunders, M. J., Womack, C. J., & Goh, Q. (2011). Carbohydrate and caffeine improve high-intensity aerobic cycling performance only when combined. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2370.

30. CAFFEINE SHOULD BE INGESTED CLOSE TO PERFORMANCE ONSET

    Ryan, E. J., Kim, C.-H., Fickes, E. J., Williamson, M. L., Mullet, M. D., Gunstad, J., Barkley, J. E., Kamimori, G. H., & Glickman, E. L. (2011). Caffeine timing and cycling performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2373.
    5. SILDENAFIL

31. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT ALTER SIMULATED ALTITUDE RESPONSES IN WOMEN

    Cisneros, I. E., Bettencort, J., Joy, R., Zierke, J., Parker, D., & Quintana, R. (2009). Effects of sildenafil on VO2max in trained women with moderate normobaric hypoxia. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1096.

32. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AT ALTITUDE IN MEN OR WOMEN

    Kressler, J., Stoutenberg, M., Roos, B., Friedlander, A. L., Viskochill, R., & Jacobs, K. A. (2009). Sildenafil does not improve exercise performance during acute hypoxia in trained men or women. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1097.

33. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCES AT MODERATE OR HIGH ALTITUDES

    Stoutenberg, M., Kressler, J., Roos, B., Friedlander, A. L., Viskochill, R., Signorile, J. F., & Jacobs, K. A.(June 03, 2010). Sildenafil does not improve performance at simulated high or moderate altitudes in men or women. Presentation 1992 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

34. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT AFFECT ENDURANCE EXERCISE CAPACITY AT SIMULATED ALTITUDE

    Kressler, J., Stoutenberg, M., Roos, B., Friedlander, A. L., Perry, A. C., Signorile, J., Viskochill, R. & Jacobs, K. A. (2010). Sildenafil does not improve peak exercise capacity during acute hypoxia in trained men or women. Presentation 1036 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.
    6. OTHER DRUGS AND PROCEDURES

35. SALBLUTAMOL DOES NOT INFLUENCE AEROBIC EXERCISE OR STRENGTH PERFORMANCE

    Beloka, S., Janssen, C., Deboeck, G., Adamopoulos, D., Randria, J., Naeije, R., & de Borne, P. V. (2009). Effect of salbutamol on chemoreflex and metaboreflex contribution to endurance performance and muscle strength in nonasthmatic men. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 668.

36. ALTHOUGH BANNED, SALBUTAMOL IS NOT ERGOGENIC

    Hostrup, M., & Elers, J. (2011). High-dose inhaled salbutamol has no acute effects on aerobic capacity or oxygen kinetics in healthy trained men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 1835.

37. ALCOHOL AFFECTS PERFORMANCE DIFFERENTLY FOR MALES AND FEMALES

    Redinger, E. K., Lagenfeld, M. E., Nelms, M. N., Elder, C. L., & Gohn, A. E. (2009). The acute effects of light beer versus non-alcoholic beer on endurance performance. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1126.

38. NICOTINE IS NOT ERGOGENIC FOR ONE-HOUR CYCLING

    Mundel, T., Houltham, S., Barnes, M., & Stannard, S. (June 03, 2010). Addicted to winning: Can nicotine administration improve 1-hour cycling time-trial performance? Presentation 1922 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

39. MELATONIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH TIME OF DAY

    Marrin, K., Drust, B., Gregson, W., Morris, C., Chester, N., & Atkinson, G. (2009). The melatonin responses to exercise are moderated by time of day. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

40. RE-INFUSION OF STORED RED BLOOD CELLS DOES NOT ENHANCE BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OR PERFORMANCE

    Marek, E. M., Franke, J., Hinrichs, T., Hawener, I., & Platen, P. (June 03, 2010). Alterations in VO2max by blood donation and re-infusion after a 4-week storage period in moderately trained athletes. Presentation 2111 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

41. RE-INFUSION OF BLOOD CELLS DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OR VO2max

    Hawener, I., Franke, J., Marek, E. M., Hinrichs, T., & Platen, P. (June 03, 2010). Alterations in VO2max by blood donation and re-infusion after 2-week storage in moderately trained athletes. Presentation 2112 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

42. N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AMIDE NOR L-ERGOTHIONEINE DO NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE

    Ferreira, L. F., Campbell, K. S., & Reid, M. B. (2010). Thiol-based antioxidants have contrasting effects on skeletal muscle fatigue in vitro. Presentation 966 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

43. WHOLE-BODY CRYOTHERAPY IS NOT PERFORMANCE ENHANCING

    Banfi, G., Lombardi, G., Colombini, A., & Melegati, G. (2010). Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports Medicine, 40(6), 509-516.

44. QUERCETIN IS NOT PERFORMANCE ENHANCING

    Goulet, E. D., Asselin, A., & Lacerte, G. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effect of Quercetin supplementation on endurance performance and maximal oxygen consumption. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 1783.

45. DHEA SUPPLEMENTATION PRESERVES TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MALES

    Wang, Y.-C., Liu, T.-C., & Kuo, C.-H. (2011). Effect of DHEA supplementation on changes in hormone levels after high-intensity intermittent exercise in young and middle-aged men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2979.
    7. HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

46. RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE USE POSES FEW RISKS

    Godfrey, R. J., Blazewich, A., Rand-Weaver, M., Velloso, C., Bouloux, P., Harridge, S., & Goldspin, G. (2009). Effects of rhGH on selected markers of altered health status in trained sportsmen. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2414.

47. MELATONIN STIMULATES GROWTH HORMONE WHEN COMBINED WITH RESISTANCE EXERCISE

    Nassar, E., Mulligan, C., Taylor, L, Kerksick, C., Galbreath, M., Greenwood, M., Kreider, R., & Willoughby, D. S. (2007). Effects of a single dose of N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (Melatonin) and resistance exercise on the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis in young males and females. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 4, 14.

48. ENDOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR, AND FREE TESTOSTERONE DO NOT HAVE ANABOLIC CAPACITIES NOR ARE THEY ASSOCIATED WITH STRENGTH GAINS

    West, D. W., Hartman, J. W., & Phillips, S. M. (2011). Retrospective analysis of resistance training-induced strength and hypertrophy: separating the wheat from the hormone chaff. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 663.

49. IGF-I NOT AFFECTED BY RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC TRAINING IN PREVIOUSLY UNTRAINED FEMALES

    Alemany, J. A., Frystyk, J., Tuckow, A. P., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Staab, J. S., Chen, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Maresh, C. M., Kraemer, W. J., & Nindl, B. C. (2008). Effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercise training on immunoreactive vs. bioassayable IGF-I. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 970.

50. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS PROTEINS REMAIN RELATIVELY STABLE DURING ENDURANCE RUNNING TRAINING

    Vukovich, M. D., Bjerke, K. J., Thum, M. K., Gauer, A. J., & Creer, A. R. (2009). Insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 3 during a competitive college cross-country season. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2415.

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