Volume 1(3): February, 1996

OVERLOAD AND OVERTRAINING

This issue of Coaching Science Abstracts relates research and thoughts associated with how hard an athlete should work (overload) and under what conditions a persistent overload cannot be tolerated (overtraining). The two concepts are intermixed since one is a cause of the other.

The impact of these abstracts is to support the Roux Principle: light training loads are useless, moderate loads are beneficial, and excessive loads are harmful.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. TYPES OF MUSCLE FIBERS AND FORCE

    Rushall Thoughts (1992).

  2. DALDA AND TRAINING MEASURES

    Rushall Thoughts (1992).

  3. MACROCYCLE PLANNING FOR TEAM SPORTS

    Rushall Thoughts (1992).

  4. HELL WEEKS

    Costill, D. L., & King, D. S. (1983). Workout evaluation. Swimming Technique, August-October, 24-27.

  5. WHEN TO APPLY OVERLOADS

    Carlile, F. (personal communication, July 8, 1991).

  6. SYMPTOMS OF OVERTRAINING STRESS

    Parker, J. (1989). Wiping your swimmers out. Swimming Technique, May-July, 10-16.

  7. TRAINING OVERLOAD

    Costill, D. L., Flynn, M. G., Kirwan, J. P., Houmard, J. A., Mitchell, J. B., Thomas, R., & Park, S. H. (1988). Effects of repeated days of intensified training on muscle glycogen and swimming performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20, 249-254.

  8. EXTRA SWIMMING TRAINING PRODUCES NO ADDED BENEFITS

    Kirwan, J. P., Costill, D. L., Flynn, M. G., Mitchell, J. B., Fink, W. J., Neufer, P. D., & Houmard, J. A. (1988). Physiological responses to successive days of intense training in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 20, 255-259.

  9. REDUCED TRAINING AND EFFECTS ON STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE

    Neufer, P. D., Costill, D. L., Fielding, R. A., Flynn, M. G., & Kirwan, J. P. (1987). Effects of reduced training on muscular strength and endurance in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19, 486-490.

  10. TRAINING AND STIMULUS REQUIREMENTS FOR SWIMMING

    Troup, J. P. (Ed.). (1990). Selection of effective training categories. In International Center For Aquatic Research annual: Studies by the International Center for Aquatic Research 1989-90. Colorado Springs, CO: United States Swimming Press.

  11. ON HOW HARD TO WORK

    Time, 3 August, 1992, pp. 58-63.

  12. MUSCLE THEORY

    Phillips, E. (1992). No simple explanation for Kenyan's dominance--running. San Diego Union-Tribune, 17 June, p. D-2.

  13. COMMENTS ON TRAINING

    Rushall Thoughts, 1993.

  14. DETRAINING, HEART RATES, AND STROKE VOLUME

    Neufer, P. D. (1989). The effect of detraining and reduced training on the physiological adaptations to aerobic exercise training. Sports Medicine, 6, 302-321.

  15. OVERTRAINING

    Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1988). Training for sport and activity. Chapter 11. Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown.

  16. CARBOHYDRATES AND OVERTRAINING

    Snyder, A. C., Kuipers, H., Cheng, B., Servais, R., & Fransen, E. (1993). Indices of over-reaching following intensified training: role of carbohydrate intake. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(5), Supplement abstract 966.

  17. TAPERING

    Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1988). Training for sport and activity. Chapter 11. Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown.

  18. SERUM FERRITIN AND INJURIES

    Loosli, A. R., Requa, R. K., & Garrick, J. G. (1993). Serum ferritin and injuries in female high school cross country runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(5), Supplement abstract 129.

  19. IRON DEPLETION PROBLEM

    Kluger, M. J., Ashtron, H. A., Doshi, J. B., Hein, P. S., Newby, J. S., & Philips, R. S. (1992). Letters to the Editor-in-chief. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24, 303-304.

  20. HORMONAL RESPONSES TO OVERTRAINING IN SWIMMERS

    Hooper, S. L., MacKinnon, L. T., Gordon, R. D., & Bachman, A. W. (1993). Hormonal response of elite swimmers to overtraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 741-747.

  21. RUSSIAN SWIMMERS, WEIGHT TRAINING, LEVELS OF WORK, AND CENTRALIZED TRAINING

    Ewald, R. (1994). The Russian capitalists. Swimming World and Junior Swimmer, 35(3), 33-42.

  22. TESTING FOR OVERTRAINING

    Rushall Thoughts, 1993 (from a commentary to Forbes Carlile).

  23. FURTHER ON HEART RATES

    Rushall Thoughts (1993).

  24. PSYCHOLOGY INDICATES OVERTRAINING IN SWIMMING

    Lowensteyn, I., Signorile, J. F., Kwiatkowski, K., Caruso, J., Ferris, D., Salhanick, D., Perry, A., & Mancino, C. (1994). Examination of various biological parameters in response to a season of training in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), Supplement abstract 669.

  25. TRAINING VOLUME DECREASES PRODUCE AN EFFECTIVE TAPER

    Zarkadas, P. C., Carter, J. B., & Bannister, E. W. (1994). Taper increases performance and aerobic power in triathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), Supplement abstract 194.

  26. TAPER BY DOING THE ACTIVITY

    Houmard, J. A., Scott, B. K., Justice, C. L., & Chenier, T. C. (1994). The effects of taper on performance in distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), 624-631.

  27. COMPONENTS OF A SWIMMING TAPER

    Houmard, J. A., & Johns, R. A. (1994). Effects of taper on swim performance: practical implications. Sports Medicine, 17, 224-232.

  28. INSTITUTIONALIZED OVERTRAINING

    Rushall Thoughts (1994).

  29. PERCENTAGE OF VO2max USED IN ENDURANCE EVENTS

    Noakes, T. (1986). Lore of running. Cape Town, South Africa: Oxford University Press. (p. 40).

  30. REDUCED RUNNERS' WORKLOAD MAINTAINS TRAINING EFFECTS

    Houmard, J. A., Costill, D. L., Mitchell, J. B., Park, S. H., Hickner, R. C., & Roemmich, J. N. (1990). Reduced training maintains performance in distance runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 46-52.

  31. TRAINING STRESS MARKERS

    Flynn, M. G., Pizza, F. X., Boone, J. B. Jr., Andres, F. F., Michaud, T. A., & Rodriguez-Zayas, J. R. (1994). Indices of training stress during competitive running and swimming seasons. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 15, 21-26.

  32. WHAT VO2max MEASURES

    Boulay, M. R., Barbeau, P., Giroux, M., Prud'homme, D., & Simoneau, J. A. (1992). Peripheral and central adaptations in cyclists during a training and competitive season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(5), Supplement abstract 566.

  33. ONE MORE TIME: ARE THERE MEASURES THAT ARE SENSITIVE TO OVERTRAINED OR HIGHLY FATIGUED STATES?

    Hooper, S. L., MacKinnon, L. T., Howard, A, Gordon, R. D., & Bachmann, A. W. (1995). Markers for monitoring overtraining and recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 106-112.

  34. OVERTRAINED STATE NOT RELATED TO GLYCOGEN STATE

    Snyder, A. C., Kuipers, H., Cheng, B., Servais, R., & Fransen, E. (1995). Overtraining following intensified training with normal muscle glycogen. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 1063-1070.

  35. A MEASURE OF STRESS RESPONSE IN ATHLETES

    Rushall, B. S. (1990). A tool for measuring stress tolerance in elite athletes. Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 51-66.

  36. SUGGESTED READING

    Rushall, B. S., & Pyke, F. S. (1990). Training for sports and physical fitness. Melbourne, Australia: Macmillan Educational.

  37. PSYCHOLOGY MEASURES TRAINING STRESS AND FATIGUE

    Theriault, D., Lacoste, E., Gadoury, M., Richard, D., Tremblay, A., Labrie, A., Leblanc, C., & Theriault, G. (1995). Early detection and prevention of stress and fatigue in elite athletes: The use of psychological and clinical measurement instruments. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(5), Supplement abstract 167.

  38. BLOOD FEATURES AND OVERTRAINING

    Urhausen, A., Gabriel, H., & Kindermann, W. (1995). Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Medicine, 20, 251-276.

  39. EXCESSIVE ANAEROBIC TRAINING CAUSES OVERTRAINING

    Urhausen, A., Gabriel, H., & Kindermann, W. (1995). Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Medicine, 20, 251-276.

  40. AFFECTS OF INCREASED TRAINING VOLUME

    Costill, D. L., Thomas, R., Robergs, R. A., Pascoe, D., Lambert, C., Barr, S., & Fink, W. J. (1991). Adaptations to swimming training: influence of training volume. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23, 371-377.

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