WARM-UP

This second issue of Volume 12 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with warm-up. This topic has been covered in two previous issues. They were:

• Warm-up, Recovery, and Rates of movement (Coaching Science Abstracts), and
• Principles of Training - 3 (Coaching Science Abstracts).

1. GENERAL

1. TOO MUCH STRETCHING REDUCES STRENGTH ENDURANCE CAPABILITY

   Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., & Arnall, D. A. (2001). Acute stretching inhibits strength endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 53.

2. TRUNK FLEXIBILITY IMPORTANT FOR RUNNING ECONOMY

   Beaudoin, C. M., & Whatley, J. (2001). An examination of flexibility and running economy in female collegiate track athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 128.
   2. CONTENT

3. RESPIRATORY WARM-UP SHOULD BE ADDED TO MOVEMENT SPECIFIC WARM-UP

   Volianitis, S., McConnell, A. K., Koutedakis, Y., & Jones, D. A. (2001). Specific respiratory warm-up improves rowing performance and exertional dyspnea. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1189-1193.

4. PRE-SWIM GLUCOSE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT ENDURANCE-SWIMMING PERFORMANCE

   Langill, R. H., Smith, G. J., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). The effect of pre-exercise glucose ingestion on performance during prolonged swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 937.

5. FLUID STATE BEFORE A ONE-HOUR TASK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF FLUID STATUS

   Palmer, G. S., van Someren, K. A., & Backx, K. (2001). No effect of fluid volume on performance during 1-hour cycling time trial in thermoneutral environment. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1453.

6. SUPRA-MAXIMAL SPRINTS ARE INFLUENCED BY WARM-UP CONTENT

   Bishop, D. (2001). The effect of a specific warm up on supramaximal kayak ergometer performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1916.

7. SPECIFIC ACTIVITY ELIMINATES WARM-UP DECREMENT

   Anshel, M. H., & Wrisberg, C. A. (1993). Reducing warm-up decrement in the performance of a tennis serve. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 290-303.

8. WARM-UP INTENSITY SHOULD MATCH THAT OF AN INTENDED PERFORMANCE

   Hamar, D., Gazovic, O., & Schickhofer, P. (2000). Force exerted during a warm-up set affects the muscle performance in subsequent resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 660.

9. WARM-UP AND GAME SIMULATIONS ARE ALL THAT ARE NEEDED BEFORE COMPETITIONS

   Zakas, A., Vergou, A., Grammatikopoulou, M. G., Zakas, N., Sentelidis, S., & Vamvakoudis, S. (2003). The effect of stretching during warming-up on the flexibility of junior handball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43, 141-149.

10. AEROBIC AND INTENSITY-SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN A WARM-UP FACILITATE BETTER ENERGY UTILIZATION IN A MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUN

    Wittekind, A., Sellens, M. H., & Beneke, R. (2003). The effect of warm-up on middle distance running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 491.

11. WARM-UPS SHOULD MATCH INTENDED PERFORMANCE INTENSITY

    Burnley, M., Doust, J. H., & Jones, A. M. (2005). Effects of prior warm-up regime on severe intensity cycling performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5), Supplement abstract 437.

12. SPORT-SPECIFIC PRIMING DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE

    DiMenna, F., Otto, R. M., Rakowski, J. M., & Wygand, J. W. (2006). Prior exercise-induced alteration of VO2 kinetics and its implication for improved time to exhaustion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1533.

13. MAXIMAL STRENGTH EFFORTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN WARM-UPS FOR BRIEF MAXIMAL EFFORT ACTIVITIES

    Harris, C., Moore, J., DeBeliso, M., Adams, K. J., Berning, J., & Hanse, C. (2006). The effects of heavy squats on potentiating 30 second Wingate test performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1803.
    3. ACTIVITIES

14. PNF STRETCHING STIMULATES MUSCLES MOST

    Hasegawa, K. T., Hori, S., Tsujita, J., & Dawson, M. L. (2001). Effects of stretching exercises on the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 51.

15. THE FIRST SET OF STRENGTH EXERCISES SHOULD BE OVER A SHORTENED MOVEMENT RANGE

    Nosaka, K., Newton, M., & Sacco, P. (2001). Protective effect by short muscle length eccentric exercise on long muscle length eccentric exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 689.

16. INFREQUENT STRETCHING IS USELESS

    Durham, M. P., Adams, K. J., Shimp-Bowerman, J., Berning, J. M., Peitzmeier, G. A., Kipp, R., & Swank, A. M. (2000). Comparison of active isolated stretching and static stretching on hamstring flexibility. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1529.

17. POST-WARM-UP PASSIVITY NEGATIVELY EFFECTS SUBSEQUENT SWIMMING

    Zochowski, T., Johnson, E.,& Sleivert, G. (2006). Effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on 200 m time trial swim performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1560.
    4. EFFECTS

18. WARM-UPS DO NOT HELP STRENGTH TRAINING RESPONSES

    Evans, R. K., Parcell, A. C., Knight, K. L., Schulthies, S. S., & Draper, D. O. (2001). Effects of warm-up prior to eccentric exercise on indirect markers of muscle damage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 691.

19. EVENING PERFORMANCES ARE BETTER THAN MORNING PERFORMANCES

    Arnett, M. G. (2001). Effects of prolonged and reduced warm-ups on diurnal variation in body temperature and swim performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 893.

20. WARM-UP STRETCHING REDUCES STRENGTH PERFORMANCE

    Nelson, A. G., & Kokkonen, J. (2001). Acute ballistic muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 415-419.

21. STATIC STRETCHING IN WARM-UPS COULD AFFECT EXPLOSIVE PERFORMANCE

    Young, W., & Elliott, S. (2001). Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 273-279.

22. STRETCHING COULD INCREASE PREDISPOSITION TO INJURY

    Carter, A. M., Kinzey, S. J., Chitwood, L. F., & Cole, H. L. (2000). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation causes decreased muscle activity associated with a rapid stretch in the biceps femoris. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 100.

23. STRETCHING IMPROVES WEIGHT TRAINING GAINS

    Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A. G., Tarawhiti, T., Buckingham, P., & Glickman-Weiss, E. (2000). Stretching combined with weight training improves strength more than weight training alone. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 649.

24. HOCKEY PLAYERS IMPROVE SKATING POWER THROUGHOUT A SEASON

    Koener, J. R., & Hanson, T. E. (2000). Season long adaptation in power measured in male collegiate hockey players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1009.

25. ACTIVE-ISOLATED AND STATIC STRETCHING ARE SIMILAR IN EFFECT ON HAMSTRINGS

    Middag, T. R., & Harmer, P. (2002). Active-isolated stretching is not more effective than static stretching for increasing hamstring ROM. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 845.

26. PRE-EXERCISE WARM-UP INFLUENCES POST-EXERCISE MEASURES BETTER THAN STRETCHING AND MASSAGE

    Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2004). Warm-up, stretching, and massage before exercise: Effects on passive stiffness and delayed-onset muscle soreness. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 134.

27. WARM-UP IMPROVES AEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    Janes, A., Foster, C., deKoning, J. J., Lucia, A., Esten, P., Kernovek, T., & Pocari, J. P. (2004). Effect of warm-up on cycling time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 834.

28. HEAVY MUSCLE FIBER RECRUITMENT IN WARM-UP DOES NOT AFFECT SUBSEQUENT MUSCLE METABOLISM

    Thistlethwaite, J. R., Thompson, B. C., Gonzales, J. U., & Scheuermann, B. W. (2006). Excessive motor unit recruitment does not affect VO2 kinetics during subsequent heavy exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1517.

29. MULTIPLE WEIGHTED-BATS IN WARM-UPS DO NOT BENEFIT SWING VELOCITY

    Reyes, C., Browder, K., & Dolny, D. (2006). Acute effects of various weighted bat warm-up protocols on baseball bat velocity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1617.

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