Volume 20(4): March, 2015

THE FEMALE ATHLETE 7

This fourth issue of Volume 20 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with characteristics of female athletes and differences between male and female athletes. It extends the concepts reported in Volume 2(5), Volume 5(5), Volume 8(5), Volume 11(5), Volume 14(5), and Volume 17(5) It further justifies establishing different coaching and training programs for each gender.

red line

TABLE OF CONTENTS

    1. PERFORMANCE

  1. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FAT-FREE AND FATTY CHOCOLATE MILK IN FEMALES' PERFORMANCE

    Campbell, B., Myers, B., Forsyth, A., Parker, B., Gomez, B., Elkins, A., Marcello, B., Wilborn, C., La Bounty, P., & Kreider, R. (2011). The effects of fat-free vs. fat-containing chocolate milk ingestion on performance characteristics in collegiate softball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2218.

  2. AUDITORY REACTION TIMES ARE FASTER THAN VISUAL REACTION TIMES WHILE MALES ARE FASTER THAN FEMALES

    Shelton, J., & Kumar, G. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience & Medicine, 1(1), 30-32.

  3. LIMB AND GENDER DIFFERENCES EXIST AFTER FATIGUING RESISTANCE EXERCISE

    Senefeld, J., Yoon, T., Bement, M. H., & Hunter, S. K. (2014). Sex differences in fatigue during dynamic contractions differ between arm and leg muscles. Presentation 1014 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  4. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DOUBLE-LEG KICKING

    Connaboy, C., Coleman, S., & Sanders, R. H. (2012). Gender differences in heave and pitch phase relationships in maximal undulatory underwater swimming. Presentation 1917 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  5. L-ALANYL-L-GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION ASSISTS BASKETBALL PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES

    Hoffman, J. R., Williams, D. R., Emerson, N. S., Hoffman, M. W., Wells, A. J., McVeigh, D. M., McCormack, W. P., Mangine, G. T., Gonzalez, A. M., & Fragala, M. S. (2012). L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine ingestion maintains performance during a competitive basketball game. Presentation 1841 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  6. PRECOOLING DOES NOT ENHANCE ROWING PERFORMANCE IN THE HEAT

    Castle, P. C., Fitch, N., Taylor, L., Webborn, A., & Mauger, A. R. (2012). Precooling does not improve 2000m rowing performance of females in hot, humid conditions. Presentation 1952 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  7. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SWIMMING EVENTS

    Stevens, A. A., Senefeld, J., Joyner, M. J., & Hunter, S. K. (2013). Sex differences in the world’s fastest swimming with advanced age. Presentation 2053 at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; May 28-June 1.

  8. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN POWER DECREASES WITH AGING

    Edwen, C. E., Thorland, J. B., Magnusson, P., Slinde, F., Svantesson, Ul, Hulthen, L, & Aagaard, P. (2013). Mechanical determinants of muscle power in women and men aged 18-81 years: influence of age and gender. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 160.

  9. FATIGUE CAUSES LESS EFFICIENT MOVEMENTS AND INCREASED MOVEMENT VARIABILITY

    Cortes, N., Morrison, S., & Onate, J. (2013). Fatigue increases variability of joint angles and forces during a side-step cutting task. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 463.

  10. UNRELATED WARM-UPS HAVE NO EFFECTS ON A SPECIFIC ACTIVITY

    Kasper, M. J., Terry, M., & Ilten, T. (2013). The effect of warm-up on maximal inertia load cycling power. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 585.

  11. CYCLING AND RUNNING LEGS OF A TRIATHLON ARE INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER IN FEMALE ATHLETES

    Carmichael, R. D., Heikkinen, D. J.,& Mertens, E. (2013). Impact of cycling intensity on cycle-run transition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 608.

    12. 2. PHYSIOLOGY

  12. POST-RESISTANCE-EXERCISE CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT SORENESS IN FEMALES

    Campbell, J. A., Richardson, M. T., Wingo, J. E., Neggers, Y. H., Lawrence, J. C., Leeper, J. D., & Bishop, P. A. (2011). The effect of acute carbohydrate-protein supplementation following exhaustive resistance exercise in trained females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2219.

  13. MEN BURN CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT AT HIGHER RATES THAN WOMEN

    Hill, J., Gonzalez-Haro, C., & San Milan, I. (2011). Gender differences in maximal fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2258.

  14. BODY MASS INDEX NOT USEFUL FOR ELITE FEMALE ATHLETES

    Torstveit, M. K., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2012). Are under- and over-weight female elite athletes thin and fat? A controlled study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44, 949-957.

  15. CONTROLLED FREQUENCY BREATHING IS NO HARDER THAN NORMAL BREATHING IN FEMALES WHEN SWIMMING 100 YARDS

    Bunn, J. A., Key, M. A., & Eschbach, L. C. (2013). Assessment of the effects of controlled frequency breathing on lactate levels in swimming. Presentation 540 at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; May 28-June 1.

  16. FEMALE SWIMMERS HAVE LOW BONE-MINERAL CONTENT AND BONE-DENSITY

    Stanforth, D., Stanforth, P. R., Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Crim, B. N. (2013). Female collegiate athlete bone mineral content/density: Differences among sports and changes across three years. Presentation 2365 at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; May 28-June 1.

  17. FACTORS INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL MATURITY IN BOYS AND GIRLS

    Nogueira, R. C., Weeks, B. K., & Beck, B. R. (2013). Sex-specific relationships between physical activity, maturity, calcium, and bone, muscle and fat in peripubertal children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 163.

  18. WEIGHT LOSS STRATEGIES FOR FEMALE CYCLISTS SHOULD CONSIDER THE PRESERVATION OF LBLM

    Haakonssen, E. C., Martin, D. T., Martin, J. C., Burke, L M., & Jenkins, D. G. (2013). Muscle mass - cycling power relationships in female road cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 610.

  19. BODY MASS INDEX IS RELATED TO VO2max IN FEMALES

    Whitworth, J., Layton, A. M., & Garber, C. E. (2013). Associations between BMI and exercise capacity in female cyclists and triathletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(5), Supplement abstract number 612.

    20. 3. TRAINING

  20. STRETCHING DOES NOT ALTER SUBMAXIMAL RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES

    Henry, K., Nichols, D., Ford, S & Ben-Ezra, V. (2012). The effects of three different stretching routines on running economy in female distance runners. Presentation 992 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  21. AUDITORY REACTION TIMES ARE FASTER THAN VISUAL REACTION TIMES WHILE MALES ARE FASTER THAN FEMALES

    Shelton, J., & Kumar, G. (2010). Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times Neuroscience & Medicine, 1(1), 30-32.

  22. STATIC AND PNF STRETCHING REDUCES KNEE PEAK TORQUES IN FEMALES

    Johnson, K. D., Sun, J., Henry, R. N., & Marshall, A. (2012). Effects of static and PNF stretching on knee peak torque in aerobically trained female athletes. Presentation 997 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  23. BRIEF PERIODS OF SHORT EXPOSURES TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAINING ARE NOT EFFECTIVE IN FEMALE ROWERS

    Ryan, D. M., Carr, N. S., Sawyer, B. J., Angadi, S. S., Chisum, J., & Gaesser, G. A. (2012). Effect of high-intensity interval training on 2-kilometer ergometer time-trial performance in female high school rowers. Presentation 1108 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  24. FEMALES RECOVER FROM RESISTANCE TRAINING WITHIN 24 HOURS

    Campbell, J. A., & Bishop, P. A. (2012). Recovery and soreness in trained females after an exhaustive resistance training protocol. Presentation 1345 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  25. CHANGES IN RUNNING ECONOMY BY INCREASING STEP FREQUENCY CAN BE RETAINED OVER TWO WEEKS OF NO TRAINING

    Quinn, T. J., Hourihan, S. E., & Dempsey, S. L. (2012). Maintenance of increased step frequency training in female runners following a period of no training. Presentation 1545 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  26. DECREASING-RESISTANCE PROTOCOL PRODUCES GREATER TRAINING VOLUME IN WOMEN

    Kwon, Y. S., & Schneider, S. M. (2012). Optimizing resistance during multiple-set weight training to increase training volume in women. Presentation 1869 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  27. CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT ALTER THE RESISTANCE TRAINING RESPONSE IN FEMALES

    Campbell, B. I., Raposo, K. A., Bullion, A., Petchonka, A., Pannoni, N., Cloer, B., Deignan, S., Vyas, T., & Kreider, R. (2012). Pre-exercise carbohydrate supplementation does not suppress rate of fatigue during resistance exercise in trained females. Presentation 2353 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  28. CHOCOLATE MILK AND CARBOHYDRATE RECOVERY SUPPLEMENTATION HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS ON WOMEN'S CYCLING EFFORTS

    Flores, H. A., Schmitt, R., Shull, R., & Astorino, T. A. (2012). Efficacy of chocolate lactaid milk as a recovery supplement on cycling and strength performance in young, active women. Presentation 2362 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  29. CAFFEINE + CARBOHYDRATE IMPROVES REPEATED SPRINT EXERCISE IN FEMALES

    Lee, C-L., Cheng, C-F., Astorino, T. A., Lee, C-J., Huang, H-W., & Kuo, Y-H.(2012). Effects of carbohydrate-caffeine supplementation on repeated high-intensity performance in elite female athletes. Presentation 2787 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  30. NO DIFFERENCE IN SPRINT-INTERVAL AND CONTINUOUS-SPRINT TRAINING IN FEMALES

    Harris, E., Rakobowchuk, M., & Birch, K. M. (2012). Sprint interval and sprint continuous training improve aerobic fitness but not vascular function or repair. Presentation 2828 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

    31. 4. PSYCHOLOGY

  31. HIGH-SCHOOL ATHLETES ARE GENDER SPECIFIC ON PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES

    Elliot, D. L., Miller, K., Markel, G., Druschella, R., McGinnis, W., DeFrancesco, C., Sadler, D., Moe, E., Kuehl, K., & Goldberg, L. (2011). Female and male high-school athletes differ in their psychological profiles. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 3238.

  32. RETENTION OF A DIFFICULT NEW TASK BENEFITS FROM EXTERNAL ATTENTIONAL FOCUS IN MALES

    Smith, P. J., & Becker, K. (2012). An investigation of age, task complexity, and gender as potential moderators of attentional focus effects. Presentation 1356 at the 59th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, California; May 29-June 2, 2012.

  33. HIGH-SCHOOL ATHLETES ARE GENDER SPECIFIC ON PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES

    Elliot, D. L., Miller, K., Markel, G., Druschella, R., McGinnis, W., DeFrancesco, C., Sadler, D., Moe, E., Kuehl, K., & Goldberg, L. (2011). Female and male high-school athletes differ in their psychological profiles. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 3238.

Return to Coaching Science Abstracts' Main Table of Contents

red line