OVERLOAD AND OVERTRAINING 3

This fourth issue of Volume 7 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with overload and overtraining. Two previous issues, namely Volume 1(3) and Volume 4(3), also dealt with this topic. The information from those two sources, as well as that contained in this issue, will yield an extensive knowledge base of recent research in the application of the overload principle and overtraining, which results from extended and excessive overload training.

1. ONCE GROWTH HAS CEASED ENERGY CAPACITIES ARE FIXED AND NOT ALTERED BY TRAINING

   Novitsky, S. A. (1998). No change in energy systems power rate production constants over a competitive swimming season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 613.

2. HLa:RPE INDEX NOT AS SIMPLE OR USEFUL AS ORIGINALLY THOUGHT

   Snyder, A. C., & Naik, J. (1998). Relationship of HLa:RPE to percent oxygen uptake. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 624.

3. PREVIOUS EXERCISE SUPPRESSES TESTOSTERONE BUT NOT hGH

   Ronsen, O., Haug, E., Rasmussen, T., Pedersen, B., K., & Bahr, R. (1998). Hormonal response to single vs repeated bouts of intensive endurance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1551.

4. TWO OBVIOUS MARKERS OF OVERREACHING/OVERTRAINING

   Hartmann, U., & Mester, J. (2000). Training and overtraining markers in selected sport events. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 209-215.

5. OVERREACHING IS LIKELY TO BE CAUSED BY PERIPHERAL FACTORS

   Hedelin, R., Kentta, G., Wiklund, U., Bjerle, P, & Henriksson-Larsen, K. (2000). Short-term overtraining: Effects on performance, circulatory responses, and heart rate variability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1480-1484.

6. OVERRREACHING PRODUCES MORE DISRUPTIVE SYMPTOMS THAN OVERTRAINING

   Brechtel, L. M., Braumann,K. M., & Wolff, R. (1999). Time course of symptoms during the development of a parasympathetic overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 786.

7. INTERMITTENT TRAINING SUSTAINS GREATER WORK VOLUMES THAN CONTINUOUS TRAINING

   Billat, V. L., Bocquet, V., Slawinski, J., Demarle, A., Lafitte, L., Chassaing, P, & Koralsztein, J. P. (1999). Intermittent running at vVO2max allows to sustain a longer time at VO2max that severe continuous submaximal run. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 275.

8. THE HARDER A SWIMMER TRAINS, THE SLOWER WILL BE SPRINTING

   Fitts, R. H., Costill, D. L., & Gardetto, P. R. (1989). Effect of swim exercise training on human muscle fiber function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 66, 465-475.

9. RPE IS USEFUL FOR ESTIMATING WORK INTENSITY

   Hrovatin, L. A., Florhaug, J. A., Brice, G., Esten, P. L., Mikat, R. J., & Foster, C. (2000). Effect of interval duration on markers of exercise training intensity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1567.
   OVERLOAD APPLICATIONS

10. TRAINING INDICES VARY WHEN CYCLISTS UNDERGO HARD TRAINING

    Hill, M. R., Motl, R. W., & Johnson, S. C. (1998). Health maintenance test responses to five consecutive days of high intensity cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 612.

11. EXCESSIVE TRAINING LOADS SUPPRESSES IMMUNE RESPONSE CAPABILITIES

    Verde, T. J., Thomas, S. G., Moore, R. W., Shek, P., & Shephard, R. J. (1992). Immune responses and increased training of the elite athlete. Journal of Applied Physiology, 73, 1494-1499.

12. MODERATE INCREASE IN OVERLOAD NOT SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE OVERTRAINING

    Billat, V. L., Flechet, B., Petit, B., Muriaux, G., & Koralsztein, J-P., (1999). Interval training at VO2max: Effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 156-163.

13. INCREASE HIGH-INTENSITY VOLUME FOR ATHLETES WHO ARE NOT IMPROVING

    Gaskill, W. E., Serfass, R. C., Bacharach, D. W., & Kelly, J. M. (1999). Responses to training in cross-country skiers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 1211-1217.

14. FIVE DAYS OF COMPETITIONS AFFECT SOME BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS

    Yau, C. Y. (1999). The effects of a five-day competition on the blood biochemistry of young male athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 118.
    OVERTRAINING SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS

15. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME IN AN ULTRA-ENDURANCE ATHLETE

    Rowbottom, D. G., Keast, D., Green, S., Kakulas, B., & Morton, A. R. (1998). The case history of an elite ultra-endurance cyclist who developed chronic fatigue syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, 1345-1348.

16. OVERTRAINING ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY DYSFUNCTION

    Urhausen, A., Gabriel, H. W., & Kindermann, W. (1998). Impaired pituitary hormonal response to exhaustive exercise in overtrained endurance athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, 407-414.

17. STRESS SYMPTOM INCREASES IN AGE-GROUP SWIMMERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES

    Kerr, G., VanHeest, J. L., & Rodgers, C. D. (1998). Changes in psychological and biochemical indices of stress across a competitive season in age-group swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 502.

18. OVERTRAINING IS SYMPTOMATICALLY SIMILAR IN AGE-GROUP AND ADULT ATHLETES

    Sawamura, S., Raglin, J., Alexiou, S., Hassmen, P., & Kentta, G. (1998). Training practices and staleness in age-group swimmers: A cross-cultural study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 503.

19. BLOOD AND HORMONAL FACTORS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ELITE FEMALE TRAINING RESPONSES

    VanHeest, J. L., & Ratliff, K. (1998). Hematological and hormonal changes in elite female swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 986.

20. SERUM GROWTH FACTORS CHANGE WITH TRAINING BUT IN NO USEFUL WAY

    Hickson, R. C., Koziris, L. P., Chatterton, R. T., Groseth, R. T., Christie, J, M., & Unterman, T. G. (1998). Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein (BP) -1, -3 adaptations to training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 989.

21. PLASMA INSULIN AND LACTATE MIGHT BE SENSITIVE TO OVERTRAINING

    Oh, J. K., Yoo, R. R., Cho, J. Y., & Cho, Y. E. (1998). Lactate levels and hormonal responses to excessive training in elite swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1554.

22. GLUTAMINE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OVERTRAINING

    Koziris, L. P., Hickson, R. C., Chatterton Jr., R. T., Groseth, R. T., Christie, J. M., Osborne, D. F., & Karl, I. E. (1999). Progressive reductions in blood glutamine levels and improved performance occur with competitive swim training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 278.

23. OVERTRAINING PRODUCES INDIVIDUAL HEART RATE AND VO2max RESPONSES

    Uusitalo, A. L., Uusitalo, A. J., & Rusko, H. K. (1999). Heart rate and blood pressure variability during heavy training and overtraining in the female athlete. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 45-53.

24. INSUFFICIENT CHO INTAKE COULD CONTRIBUTE TO OVERTRAINING

    Roach, W., & Berning, J. (1999). Carbohydrate intake and markers of overtraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 885.

25. LACTATE/RPE RATIO NOT USEFUL FOR MONITORING OVERTRAINING

    Campbell, A. R., & Potteiger, J. A. (1999). Identification of overtraining in well-trained runners using the lactate/RPE ratio. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1393.

26. HEART RATE IS NOT RELATED TO OVERTRAINING IN FEMALE RUNNERS

    Uusitalo, A. L., Uusitalo, A. J., & Rusko, H. K. (1998). Exhaustive endurance training for 6-9 weeks did not induce changes in intrinsic heart rate and cardiac autonomic modulation in female athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 532-540.

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