Di Salvo, V., & Pigozzi, F. (1998). Physical training of football players based on their positional roles in the team. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, 294-297.

The relative effectiveness of an individualized/positional training program, compared to a general team program, was assessed. Adolescent soccer players (N = 44) were divided into two training groups. Each group consisted of five forwards, six midfielders, four full backs, four centerbacks, and three goalkeepers. The average age, weight, and height of the groups were similar. Training lasted for eight months. Each type of position was trained according to the capacities required for performance.

Individualized training produced greater fitness measures in accordance with training goals. Irrelevant capacities were similar between groups. The authors recommended that this form of specialized training not be implemented before maturity has been achieved.

Implication. Individualized position-training in team sports produced better and more specific fitness adaptations.

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