Volume 4(6): April, 1999

MEASURING PRACTICE EFFORT 2.2

This sixth issue of Volume 4 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with lactate dynamics, lactate and training, and lactate/anaerobic thresholds. The overall tenor of the articles is that both lactate and lactate/anaerobic thresholds are not as useful as is often proposed and their conceptual bases are misunderstood. These topics were first included in Volume 1(5) titled Measuring practice effort.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    LACTATE DYNAMICS

  1. THE LACTATE CONCEPT

    Gladden, L. B., Spriet, L. L., Donovan, C. M., Bonen, A., & Brooks, G. A. (1997). The role of skeletal muscle in lactate exchange during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 424.

  2. GLUCOSE AND LACTATE RELATIONSHIP IN MODERATE EXERCISE

    Stanley, W. C., Wisneski, J. A., Gertz, E. W., Neese, R. A., & Brooks, G. A. (1988). Glucose and lactate interrelations during moderate-intensity exercise in humans. Metabolism, 37, 850-858.

  3. BLOOD LACTATE

    Brooks, G. A., Wolfel, E. E., Groves, B. M., Bender, P. R., Butterfield, G. E., Cymerman, A., Mazzeo, R. S., Sutton, J. R., Wolfe, R. R., & Reeves, J. T. (1992). Muscle accounts for glucose disposal but not blood lactate appearance during exercise after acclimatization to 4,300 m. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72, 2435-2445.

  4. THE ORIGIN OF LACTATE IN EXERCISE

    Brooks, G. A. (1991). Current concepts in lactate exchange. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23, 895-906.

  5. LACTATE PRODUCTION IN MUSCLES

    Stanley, W. C., Gertz, E. W., Wisneski, J. A., Neese, R. A., Morris, D. L., & Brooks, G. A. (1986). Lactate extraction during net lactate release in legs of humans during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 60, 1116-1120.

  6. LACTIC ACID AND POST-EXERCISE SORENESS

    Rushall Thoughts, 1994.

  7. LACTATE IN EXERCISE

    Mazzeo, R. S., Brooks, G. A., Schoeller, D. A., & Budinger, T. F. (1986). Disposal of blood [1-13C] lactate in humans during rest and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 60, 232-241.

  8. THE LACTATE SHUTTLE

    Brooks, G. A. (1986). Lactate production under fully aerobic conditions: The lactate shuttle during rest and exercise. Federation Proceedings, 45, 2924-2929.

  9. LACTATE SHUTTLE IN EXERCISE

    Brooks, G. A. (1986). The lactate shuttle during exercise and recovery. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 18, 360-368.

  10. POST-EXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

    Gaesser, G. A., & Brooks, G. A. (1984). Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: A review. Medicine and Science in Sports and exercise, 16, 29-43.

  11. GLYCOGEN REPLETION

    Gaesser, G. A., & Brooks, G. A. (1980). Glycogen repletion following continuous and intermittent exercise to exhaustion. Journal of Applied Physiology, 49, 722-728.

  12. LACTATE LEVELS DEFINED

    Stainsby, W. M., Brechue, W. F., & O'Drobinak, D. M. (1991). Regulation of muscle lactate production. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 23 907-911.

  13. ALTITUDE INFLUENCES LACTATE KINETICS IN FEMALES

    Quintana, R., Robergs, R. A., Parker, D., & Frankel, C. C. (1997). Gender specific changes in the lactate threshold with increasing hypobaric hypoxia. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 774.

    LACTATE AND TRAINING

  14. LACTATE AND TRAINING INTENSITY

    Springer, B. A., & Lally, D. A. (1996). Use of blood lactate accumulation to validate a method of interval workout design. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 1081.

  15. LACTATE DETERMINED TRAINING VELOCITIES ARE INACCURATE

    Usaj, A., & Douvillard, S. P. (1997). The verification of the method for prescribing training intensity of endurance running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1498.

  16. SPURIOUS VALIDATION OF LACTATE THRESHOLD TEST IN SWIMMING

    Barber, J. W., Williford, H. N., Duey, W. J., Pieri, S. R., & Barksdale, J. (1997). Validation of the T-30 and swimming step test in adolescent competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 289.

  17. HEART RATE AND LACTATE THRESHOLDS DO NOT OCCUR IN A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF YOUNG MALES

    Hofmann, P., Pokan, R., Von Duvillard, S. P., Seibert, F. J., Zwiker, R., & Schmid, P. (1997). Heart rate performance curve during incremental cycle ergometer exercise in healthy young male subjects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 762-768.

  18. LACTATE THRESHOLD TRAINING RELATIVELY USELESS FOR CONDITIONED ATHLETES

    Londeree, B. R. (1997). Effect of training on lactate/ventilatory thresholds: A meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 837-843.

  19. AN ARGUMENT THAT MODERN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY NEEDS REVISING

    Noakes, T. D. (1997). Challenging beliefs: ex Africa semper aliquid novi. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 571-590.

  20. LACTATES AND THEORETICAL TRAINING VELOCITIES NOT VERY USEFUL

    Olbrecht, J., Madsen, O., Mader, A., Liesen, H., & Hollmann, W. (1985). Relationship between swimming velocity and lactic concentration during continuous and intermittent training exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 6, 74-77.

    LACTATE/ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

  21. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD - A RELATIVELY USELESS CONCEPT FOR COACHING

    Billat, L. V. (1996). Use of blood lactate measurements for prediction of exercise performance and for control of training: Recommendations for long-distance running. Sports Medicine, 22, 157-175.

  22. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD IS AN INCORRECT CONCEPT

    Wyatt, F. B., Jackson, C. G., & Tran, Z. V. (1997). Metabolic threshold defined by disproportionate increases in physiological parameters: A meta-analytic review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 13-42.

  23. HEART RATE THRESHOLD NOT RELATED TO LACTATE THRESHOLD

    Parker, D., Robergs, R. A., Quintana, R., Frankel, C. C., & Dallam, G. (1997). Heart rate threshold is not a valid estimation of the lactate threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1344.

  24. LACTATE THRESHOLD IS TOO LOW FOR A SUITABLE TRAINING INTENSITY FOR AEROBIC CYCLISTS

    Nicholls, J. F., Phares, S. L., & Buono, M. J. (1997). Relationship between blood lactate response to exercise and endurance performance in competitive female master cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 458-463.

  25. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

    Brooks, G. A. (1985). Anaerobic threshold: Review of the concepts and directions for future research. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 17, 22-34.

  26. THRESHOLDS ARE NOT STABLE

    Hughes, E. F., Turner, S. C., & Brooks, G. A. (1982). Effects of glycogen depletion and pedaling speed on anaerobic threshold. Journal of Applied Physiology, 52, 1598-1607.

  27. BLOOD LACTATE PROFILE

    Foster, C., Crowe, M. P., Holum, D., Sandvig, S., Schrager, M., Snyder, A. C., & Zajakowski, S. (1995). The bloodless lactate profile. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 927-933.

  28. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD: TRAINING AND DETRAINING

    Ready, E. A., & Quinney, H. A. (1982). Alterations in anaerobic threshold as the result of endurance training and detraining. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14, 292-296.

  29. COMPARISON OF LACTATE AND VENTILATORY THRESHOLDS

    Wyatt, F. B., Tran, Z. V., Jackson, C. G., Brustad, R. J., & Banchero, N. (1996). Comparison of lactate and ventilatory threshold to maximal oxygen consumption: A meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 28(5), Supplement abstract 402.

  30. MEN HAVE HIGHER PAIN THRESHOLDS BUT BOTH GENDERS GET 'TOUGHER' AS A WEIGHT TRAINING SESSION PROGRESSES

    Arbogast, R. W., Koltyn, K. F., Goggin, N. L., & Jackson, A. W. (1997). Influence of gender and a weight training session on pain perception. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1219.

  31. CONTRARY TO ACCEPTED OPINION, DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS YIELD THE SAME ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD, OR DO THEY?

    Santos, T. M., & Comes, P. S. (1997). Reproducibility of metabolic thresholds using two different exercise protocols in long-distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1160.

  32. LACTATE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT FACTORS

    Nau, K. L., Foster, E. S., Lindsey, K. R., Moritz, A. S., Summers, C. A., & Potteiger, J. A. (1997). Blood lactate concentration and perceived exertion differ after equivalent isokinetic work at three velocities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1220.

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