DRUGS IN SPORT 2

This sixth issue of Volume 8 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with drugs in sport. The entries in this issue have served as a resource for the editor when trying to understand this complex and undesirable phenomenon. It is far from being exhaustive of the topic.

Other resources that are related to this issue's topic are as follows:

• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 2.1 - Creatine (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 2.2 - General (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 3.1 - Creatine (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Fuel and Ergogenic Aids 3.2 - General (Coaching Science Abstracts).
• Drugs in Sport (Coaching Science Abstracts).

GENERAL

1. USE OF DRUGS WILL OCCUR DESPITE ORGANIZATIONAL RULES

   Delbeke, F. T., Desmet, N., & Debackere, M. (1995). The abuse of doping agents in competing body builders in Flanders (1988-1993). International Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 66-70.

2. GENE THERAPY TOO RISKY FOR ATHLETES

   From: Allen Murray (amurray@glycozyme.com) -- [Thursday, 25 January, 2001.] .

3. ETHICS AND DRUGS

   Jim Ferstle - personal communication (February 1, 2001).

4. DRUG TESTING REDUCES HIGH SCHOOL DRUG USE

   Goldberg, L., Elliot, D. L., MacKinnon, D., Moe, E., Kuehl, K., Nohre, L., Lockwood, C., & McGinnis, W. (2001). Drug testing adolescent athletes prevents drug use: Results of a prospective, controlled study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 393.

5. ATHLETES WILL EAT IT IF THEY THINK IT WILL HELP

   Johnson, K. E., & Pipe, A. L. (2001). Supplement use by Canadian Olympic athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 395.

6. WRESTLERS INGEST SUPPLEMENTS WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR VALUE

   Nelson Steen, S., Oppliger, R. A., & Scott, J. A. (2001). Ergogenic aids and dietary supplement use in college wrestlers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 398.

7. DRUGS IN THE SOVIET UNION

   Kalinski, M. I., Dunbar, C. C., & Szygula Z. (2001). Research on anabolic steroids in the former Soviet Union. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1901.

8. RISING CONCERNS OVER SUPPLEMENTS

   Heinonen, J. (2001). Drug trends - Rising concerns over supplements. Keeping Track. On-line at www.runnersworld.com/keepingtrack.

9. FUTILITY AND HYPOCRISY IN SPORT DRUG TESTING

   Max Jones, Birchfield Harriers, England. December, 2002.

10. ACB DRUG POLICY BACKED [OR WHY ANTI-DOPING LAWS SHOULD NOT BE ABSOLUTE]

    Friday, February 12, 2003, 06:30AM; Australian Associated Press.
    STEROIDS AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

11. HGH AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS DO NOT PRODUCE SPECIAL INTERACTIVE EFFECTS

    Zuliani, U., Bernardini, B., Catapano, A., Campana, M., Cerioli, G., & Spattini, M. (1989). Effects of anabolic steroids, testosterone, and HGH on blood lipids and echocardigraphic parameters in body builders. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 10, 62-66.

12. STEROIDS MIGHT AFFECT MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION

    Spence, J. (1999). Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on muscular strength: A meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 2071.

13. CREATINE AND NANDROLONE

    Response by Brent S. Rushall to Forbes Carlile [01/31/2001].

14. GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IS RELATED TO EXERCISE INTENSITY

    Pritzlaff, C. J., Wideman, L., Weltman, J. Y., Gutgesell, M. E., Hartman, M. L., Veldhuis, J. D. & Weltman, A. (1998). Effects of exercise intensity on growth hormone (GH) release. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 273.

15. RESISTANCE TRAINING INCREASES IGF-I

    Borst, S., De Hoyos, D., Lowenthal, D., Vincent, K., Garzarella, L., Pollock, B., & Pollock, M. (1998). Six months high- or low-volume resistance training increases circulating insulin-like growth factor. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1556.
    CAFFEINE

16. CAFFEINE INCREASES EARLY-STAGE FORCE PRODUCTION

    Kalmar, J. M., Plaskett, C. J., & Cafarelli, E. (2000). Caffeine alters force sensation during sustained isometric contractions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 126.

17. CAFFEINE IMPROVES ROWING PERFORMANCE IN MOST MALES

    Bruce, C. R., Anderson, M. E., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., Hopkins, W. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Enhancement of 2000-m rowing performance following caffeine ingestion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 127.

18. HIGHER DOSES OF CAFFEINE IMPROVE ROWING PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES

    Anderson, M. E., Bruce, C. R., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., & Hawley, J. A. (2000). Improved 2000-m rowing performance in well-trained female rowers after caffeine ingestion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 128.

19. PERFORMANCE IS IMPROVED WITH CAFFEINE AND EPHEDRINE

    Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., & Ellerington, K. (2001). Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1399-1403.

20. CAFFEINE ENHANCES CYCLING PERFORMANCE

    Burke, L. M., Desbrow, B., Cox, G. R., Moquin, A., Martin, D. T., Burke, C. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2001). Effect of different caffeine intake protocols on metabolism and performance of prolonged cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 249.

21. CAFFEINE EFFECTS ARE MODIFIED BY STATE OF FATIGUE OF MUSCLES

    Lewis, S. F., Soares, R., Lammi, E., Baker-Fulco, C., Lieberman, H. R., & Fulco, C. S. (2001). Knee extensor muscle endurance and caffeine dose before and after exhaustive dynamic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 927.

22. STATUS OF CAFFEINE IN SPORT

    Australian Sports Drug Agency, (2002).

23. CAFFEINE STIMULATES ATHLETES BUT DOES NOT IMPROVE PERFORMANCE

    Hunter, A. M., St. Claire Gibson, A., Collins, M., Wilson, G. R., Lambert, M., & Noakes, T. D. (2001). Caffeine alters pacing strategies without improving 100-km cycling time-trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 944.

24. CAFFEINE DOES NOT IMPROVE THE EFFECTS OF CHO INGESTION

    Eschbach, L. C., Drake, S. M., Boyd, J. C., Whitehead, M. T., Magal, M., & Webster, M. J. (2002). The effect of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and performance during prolonged cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 488.
    ERYTHROPOIETIN

25. TEST FOR EPO EARLY IN A RACE

    Martin, D. T., Boston, T. T., McClean, B. D., Lee, H., Bannan, S., Craig, N. P., Gore, C. J., & Hahn, A. G. (1999). Resting hematocrit in male cyclists during a 6-day stage race. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1623.

26. RETICULOCYTE PARAMETERS LOCATE EPO ABUSE

    Gore, C. J., Parisotto, R., Hahn, A. G., Ashenden, M. J., Martin, D. T., Pyne, D. B., Gawthorn, K., & Bruguara, C. (2000). Reticulocyte parameters as discriminators of R-HuEPO abuse in elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 809.

27. PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION NOT PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE FOR MASKING ABNORMAL Hb CONCENTRATIONS OR HEMATOCRIT

    Turpinen, J. P., Heinonen, O., Videman, T., & Rusko, H. K. (2000). Effect of plasma volume expansion on hemoglobin and hematocrit in cross-country skiers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 218.

28. DARBEPOETIN (ARANSEP)

    "We are on their heels." (March, 2002). Keeping Track, International Track and Field Newsletter, 117.

29. EPO RESPONSES TO ALTITUDE CAN BE PREDICTED FROM ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER RESPONSIVENESS

    Karlsen, T., Resaland, G. K., Ri-Li, G., Sivieri, M., Witowski, S., Yates, R., Levine, B. D., & Stray-Gundersen, J. (2001). EPO response to 24 hrs of artificial hypobaric hypoxia predicts EPO response to natural altitude. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 556.
    OTHER DRUGS

30. ANDRO INFORMATION

    Andro Information - [From https://www.discountnutrition.com/hormone4.htm].

31. ANDROSTENEDIONE APPEARS QUICKLY IN THE BLOOD AFTER INGESTION

    McGregor, S., Armstrong, W. J., Yaggie, J. A., & Kolazinski, S. (1999). Blood hormone concentrations after buccal administration of androstenedione in healthy young males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 460.

32. ANDRO SUPPLEMENTS DO NOT INCREASE STRENGTH GAINS IN ORDINARY AGED MALES

    Thomson, J., Quindry, J., Brittingham, K., Panton, I., Breuel, J., Farnest, C., Olson, M., & Broeder, C. (2000). The andro project: Effects of androstenediol or androstenedione on strength in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 795.

33. ANDRO EFFECTS REMAIN IN THE BLOOD FOR MORE THAN 72 HOURS

    McGregor, S. J., Tsivitse, S. K., McLoughlin, T. J., & Pizza, F. X. (2001). Serum androgen levels are elevated after topical application of 4-androstenediol. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1900.

34. ASTHMA DRUGS AND ERGOGENIC EFFECTS

    Personal communication, Dr. Larry Weisenthal (June, 2001).

35. EPHEDRINE HAS AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT ON AEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    Bell, D. G., McLellan, T. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2000). Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on 10 km run. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 463.

36. EPHEDRINE IS ERGOGENIC IN ENDURANCE RUNNING

    Bell, D. G., McLellan, T. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2002). Effect of ingesting caffeine and ephedrine on 10-km run performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 344-349.

37. SALBUTAMOL AND EPHEDRINES

    As reported by FINA (no date; circa 2000).

38. CHANGES TO ASTHMA ASSESSMENT BY THE IOC MEDICAL COMMISSION

    Australian Sports Drug Agency (2002). PO Box 345, Curtin, ACT 2605, Australia. [Email: asda@asda.org.au; Web: www.asda.org.au].

39. BOVINE COLOSTRUM INCREASES GROWTH FACTOR HORMONES

    Mero, A., Kahkonen, J., Nykanen, T., Rasi, S., & Leppaluoto, J. (2000). Bovine colostrum supplementation increases serum IGF-1, IgG, and saliva IgA in athletes during training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 464.

40. COLOSTRUM HAS NO EFFECT ON GROWTH HORMONES

    Kuipers, H., Verlaan, G., & Smeets, R. (2001). Colostrum has no effect on growth factors and on a doping test. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1899.

41. HERBAL SUPPLEMENT HAS AN ERGOGENIC EFFECT

    McGregor, S. J., Snyder, A. R., & Pizza, F. X. (2000). Herbal supplementation in highly trained cyclists during a period of intensified competition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 465.
    PROBENECID

42. PROBENECID RESEARCH ABSTRACTS

    Brent S. Rushall, (February 2002).

43. AN ARGUMENT

    Brent S. Rushall in a commentary on the positive test of the Australian cricketer, Graeme Rummans (2002).

44. ARGUING BY ANALOGY

    Brent S. Rushall in a commentary on the positive test of the Australian cricketer, Graeme Rummans (2002).

45. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

    Brent S. Rushall in a commentary on the positive test of the Australian cricketer, Graeme Rummans (2002).

46. SUMMARY OF PROBENECID RESEARCH AND FUNCTIONS

    Brent S. Rushall (2003).

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