Volume 8(2): October, 2002

FUEL AND ERGOGENIC AIDS 3.1 - CREATINE

This second issue of Volume 8 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with creatine use. Previous articles on this topic are contained in Volume 2(3) and volume 5(2). This issue is divided into the subsections of general theory; strength, power, and size; anaerobic work; repeated anaerobic work; and aerobic work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL FACTORS

  1. DIET CHANGES WHEN INGESTING SWEETENED CREATINE

    Scott, K., Renne, Dr. R., D'Acquisto, L. T., Nethery, V., & Gee, D. L. (1999). Carbohydrate containing creatine supplementation alters dietary intake in university swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 360.

  2. CREATINE LOADING DOES NOT INCREASE PCr RESYNTHESIS IN INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

    Vandenberghe, K., Van Hecke, P., Van Leemputte, M., Vanstapel, F., & Hespel, P. (1999). Phosphocreatine resynthesis is not affected by creatine loading. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 236-242.

  3. CREATINE PREVENTS CREATINE AND PERFORMANCE LOSS DURING PERIODS OF ENERGY RESTRICTION

    Walberg Rankin, J., Rockwell, J., & Toderico, B. (1999). Effect of oral creatine during energy restriction in athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 365.

  4. CREATINE NOT HELPFUL FOR ROWERS

    Bell, G. J., Syrotuik, D., Game, A., & Gillies, E. (1999). The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity training on performance in rowers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1289.

  5. CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE SKATING PERFORMANCE

    Cornish, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Burke, D. G., & Whelan, H. K. (2000). The effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint skating in hockey players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 553.

  6. CREATINE NOT ERGOGENIC FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS

    Wilder, N., Deivert, R. G., Hagerman, F., & Gilders, R. (2001). The effects of low-dose creatine supplementation versus creatine loading in collegiate football players. Journal of Athletic Training, 36, 124-129.

  7. CREATINE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CRAMPS OR INJURY

    Kreider, R., Melton, C., Hunt, J., Rasmussen, J., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine does not increase incidence of cramping or injury during pre-season college football training I. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1794.

  8. CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT HEAT REGULATION

    Barkdull, T., J., O'Brien, K. K., Bathalon, G. P., Armstrong, D. W., & Deuster, P. A. (2000). Creatine's effects on heat dissipation during submaximal aerobic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 455.

  9. CREATINE DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THERMOREGULATION

    Mendel, R. W., Cheatham, C. C., & Sinning, W. E. (2000). Creatine supplementation effects on cardiovascular and thermal responses during exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 900.

  10. CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE THERMOREGULATION IN EXERCISING MALES

    Rosene, J. M., & Whitman, S. A. (2001). Effects of short-term creatine supplementation on thermoregulation in males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1146.

  11. ONE YEAR OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DID NOT AFFECT HEALTH

    Kreider, R., Rasmussen, C., Melton, C., Greenwood, M., Stroud, T., Ransom, J., Cantler, E., Milnor, P., & Almada, A. (2000). Long-term creatine supplementation does not adversely affect clinical markers of health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 547.

  12. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT FLUID OR ELECTROLYTE STATUS

    Rasmussen, C., Kreider, R., Ransom, J., Hunt, J., Melton, C., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine supplementation during pre-season football training does not affect fluid or electrolyte status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1485.

  13. CREATINE DOES NOT ALTER MUSCLE SORENESS

    Boyd, J. C., Magal, M., Soukup, J. T., Sechbach, L. C., Drake, S. D., & Webster, M. J. (2000). Influence of creatine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle torque. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 549.

  14. CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE CRAMPING OR INJURY IN BASEBALL PLAYERS

    Greenwood, L. D., Greenwood, M., Freider, R., & Byars, A. (2000). Effects of creatine supplementation on the incidence of cramping/injury during collegiate fall baseball. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 560.

  15. CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE CRAMPING OR INJURY IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

    Greenwood, M., Kreider, R., Greenwood, L. D., & Byers, A. (2000). Effects of creatine supplementation on the incidence of cramping/injury during college football three a day training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 561.

  16. CREATINE USE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTION IN INJURY RATES IN FOOTBALL

    Hunt, J., Kreider, R., Melton, C., Ransom, J., Rasmussen, C., Stroud, T., Cantler, E., & Milnor, P. (1999). Creatine does not increase incidence of cramping or injury during pre-season college football training II. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1795.

  17. CREATINE USE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS INJURIES

    Ortega Gallo, P. A., Dimeo, F., Batista, F., Betchakian, L., Carcia Cambon, C., & Griffa, J. (2000). Creatine supplementation in soccer players, effects on body composition, and incidence of sports-related injuries. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 552.

  18. NO SIDE EFFECTS WITH 12 WEEKS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION

    Millard-Stafford, M. A., Snow, T. K., & Rosskopf, L. B. (2000). Limited side effects associated with creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 545.

  19. CREATINE CAUSES INTESTINAL PROBLEMS WITHOUT AFFECTING MOOD

    Koehler, S., Kuehl, K., Dulacki, K., Goldberg, L., & Elliot, D. (2000). Adverse and mood altering effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 555.

  20. LIVER OR KIDNEYS NOT AFFECTED BY CREATINE

    Mayhew, D. L., Satterly III, T. F., Ware, J. S., & Mayhew, J. L. (2000). Effect on long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function in college football players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 558.

  21. A BETTER RECIPE FOR CREATINE?

    Kalman, D. S., Colker, C. M., Swain, M. A., Shi, Q., & Maharam, L. G. (2000). A double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating different creatine monohydrate formulations in resistance trained males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 562.

  22. REVIEW OF THE FUNCTION AND EFFECTS OF CREATINE - RESULTS ARE NOT CLEAR CUT

    Demant, T. W., & Rhodes, E. C. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 28, 48-59.

    STRENGTH, POWER, AND SIZE

  23. CREATINE INGESTION IMPROVES STRENGTH AND TIME TO FATIGUE IN UNTRAINED MUSCLES

    Urbanski, R. L., Foy, S. F., Vincent, W. J., & Yaspelkis, B. B. (1999). Creatine supplementation differentially affects maximal isometric strength and time to fatigue in large and small muscle groups. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 9(2), 136-145.

  24. CREATINE PROLONGS MAXIMAL POWER OUTPUT IN RUNNING AND JUMPING

    Bosco, C., Tihanyi, J., Pucspk, J., Kovacs, I., Gabossy, A., Colli, R., Pulvirenti, G., Tranquilli, C., Foti, C., Viru, M., & Viru, A. (1997). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on jumping and running performance. Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 369-372.

  25. CREATINE IMPROVES BODY MASS AND DYNAMIC STRENGTH PERFORMANCE

    Kreider, R. B., Ferreira, M., Wilson, M., Grindstaff, P., Plisk, S., Reinardy, J., Cantler, E., & Almada, A. L. (1998). Effects of cratine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, 73-82.

  26. RESISTANCE-TRAINED HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES DO NOT BENEFIT FROM CREATINE

    Quackenbush, A., Locascio, F., Gorman, M., Wygand, J., & Otto, R. M. (1999). The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition of high school athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 357.

  27. CREATINE BUILDS ARM BULK, STRENGTH, AND SIZE

    Becque, M. D., Lochmann, J. D., & Melrose, D. R. (2000). Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 654-658.

  28. CREATINE ENHANCES HOKEY PLAYERS' SKATING SPEED

    Jones, A. M., Atter, T., & Georg, K. P. (1999). Oral creatine supplementation improves multiple sprint performance in elite ice-hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39, 189-196.

  29. CREATINE INCREASES STRENGTH FACTORS BECAUSE IT SUPPORTS MORE TRAINING

    Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Mutukian, M., Gomez, A L., Staron, R. S., & Kraemer, W. J. (1999). Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to 12 weeks of creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 362.

  30. CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT ARM OR LEG POWER

    Green, M., McLester, J. R., Smith, J. F., & Mansfield, E. R. (1999). The effects of creatine loading on repeated upper and lower body Wingate performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 364.

  31. CREATINE AND HEAVY RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPACTS TESTOSTERONE FUNCTION

    Gomez, A. L., Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzem, S. A., Putukian, M., & Kraemer, W. J. (1999). Blood lipid and hormonal responses to 12 weeks of creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1273.

  32. CREATINE IMPROVES MUSCLE FUNCTION IN WOMEN

    Kambis, K. W., & Pizzedaz, S. K. (1999). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on maximum quadriceps contraction in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1277.

  33. CREATINE INCREASES POWER OUTPUT IN LONG-TERM INTERMITTENT EXERCISE

    Ishizaki, S. (1999). The effect of oral creatine supplementation on power output during long-term intermittent exercise in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1282.

  34. CREATINE INCREASES RECOVERY RATE AFTER ISOMETRIC FATIGUE

    Feinstein, T. M., Claybon, E. M., Lund, R. J., Peters, P., Lyle, M. A., Cox, R. H., & Wiley, R. L. (1999). Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on recovery time during repeated bouts of isometric handgrip. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1284.

  35. CREATINE IMPROVES ISOKINETIC STRENGTH

    Armstrong, D. C., Nemec, S. A., & Seelback, J. D. (2000). Effect of creatine supplementation on isokinetic training performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 550.

  36. CREATINE EFFECTS ONLY SHOW FOR STRENGTH

    Dulacki, K., Kuehl, K., Koehler, S., Elliot, D., & Goldberg, L. (2000). Effects of creatine on body composition, strength, maximal aerobic capacity, cholesterol and gender. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 554.

  37. CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE THE ABILITY TO WORK HARDER

    Schulte, J. N., Noreen, E. E., Bachman, L. D., Nieminen, T. J., & Lemon, P. W. (2000). Does creatine monohydrate supplementation enhance muscle development due to a super-training effect? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 556.

  38. UNTRAINED SUBJECTS RESPOND WELL TO CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION

    Burke, D. G., Silver, S., Holt, L. E., Smith-Palmer, T., Culligan, C. J., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2000). The effect of continuous low dose creatine supplementation on force, power, and total work. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 10, 235-244.

  39. CREATINE MAINTAINS HORMONAL EFFECTIVENESS DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING

    French, D. N., Volek, J. S., Ratamess, N. A., Mazzetti, S. A., Rubin, M. R., Gomes, A. L., Wickham, R. B., Doan, B. K., McGuigan, M. R., Scheet, T. P., Newton, R. U., Dorofeyeva, E., & Kraemer, W. J. (2001). The effects of creatine supplementation on resting serum hormonal concentrations during short-term resistance training overreaching. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1142.

  40. PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION AS GOOD AS CREATINE FOR STRENGTH AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

    Tarnopolsky, M. A., Parise, G., Yardley, N. J., Ballantyne, C. N., Olatunji, S., & Phillips, S. M. (2000). Post-exercise glucose-protein and glucose-creatine result in similar increases in strength, power and fat-free-mass during resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 745.

  41. CREATINE PLUS WEIGHT TRAINING PRODUCES DESIRABLE BENEFITS

    Arciero, P. J., Hannibal III, N., Hamed, J., & Gentile, C. (1999). Effect of creatine on resting metabolic rate, body composition, strength, and blood cholesterol. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1279.

    ANAEROBIC WORK

  42. ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE CAN BE ELEVATED AND MAINTAINED WITH CREATINE

    Cook, C. B., Theodorou, A., King, R. F., Gibbon, W., & Frain, M. (1999). The effects of a creatine maintenance dosage on muscle metabolites and anaerobic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 354.

  43. CREATINE AFFECTS PERFORMANCE ONLY WHEN REST INTERVALS ARE LONG

    Carl, D. L., Alperin, N., Kochendorfer, K., Stieger, J., Andres, F., & Broadley, D. (1999). Effect of oral creatine and caffeine on muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1283.

  44. CREATINE ONLY HELPS MEN SWIM FASTER OVER 50 YARDS

    Leenders, N., Sherman, W. M., Lamb, D. R., & Nelson, T. E. (1999). Creatine supplementation and swimming performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 9, 251-262.

  45. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CRAMPING FACTORS OR IMPROVED ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    McArthur, P. D., Webster, M. J., Boyd, J. C., May, R. A., Eschbach, L. C., Eimer, A. J., Angelopoulos, T. J., Zoeller, R. F., & Krebs, G. V. (1999). Creatine supplementation and acute dehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1276.

  46. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES SHORT-DURATION PERFORMANCE

    Vukovich, M. D., & Peeters, B. M. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance: A meta-analytical review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1278.

  47. CREATINE ONLY AFFECTS SINGLE SPRINT EFFORTS IN SWIMMING

    Selsby, J. T., Beckett, K. D., Devor, S. T., & Kern, M. (2001). Swim performance following creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1159.

  48. CREATINE IMPROVES SHORT-BURST EXERCISE BUT DOES NOT GIVE ANY ADDED ADVANTAGE IN HOT-HUMID CONDITIONS

    Papadopoulus, C., Imamura, R., & Brandon, L. J. (2001). The effect of creatine supplementation on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1144.

  49. MODEST CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT ANAEROBIC WORK

    White, M. T., & Faria, I. E. (1999). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic power in trained cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 367.

  50. CREATINE NOT BENEFICIAL FOR SHORT-BURST MAXIMAL CYCLING TASKS

    McDonough, P., Biggerstaff, K. D., Bearden, S. E., Bergen, J., Cheuvront, S. N., Moffatt, R. J., & Haymes, E. M. (1999). Creatine monohydrate and cycle ergometry: Effects on hydration status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 474.

  51. CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT HYDRATION OR ENHANCE SPRINT PERFORMANCE

    Webster, M. J., Vogel, R. A., Erdman, L. D., & Clark, R. D. (1999). Creatine supplementation: Effect on exercise performance at two levels of acute dehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1285.

  52. CREATINE DOES NOT AFFECT ANAEROBIC FACTORS IN OARSWOMEN

    Faria, E. W., White, M. T., Coragan, C., & Faria, I. E. (2000). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on AOD, AT, and blood lactate in oarswomen. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 559.

  53. META-ANALYSIS SHOWS CREATINE DOES NOT IMPROVE ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    Misic, M. M., Kelley, G. A., Plowman, S. A., & Schlabach, G. A. (2000). The effects of creatine supplementation on anaerobic performance: Preliminary meta-analytic results. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 567.

  54. CREATINE DOES NOT HELP SPRINTING AT THE END OF A LONG RACE

    Byrd, P., Hatley, H., & Hickner, R. C. (2000). Effect of 28 days of creatine supplementation on performance of a simulated cycling road race. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 749.

  55. CREATINE DOES NOT INFLUENCE SUPRAMAXIMAL CYCLING

    Swensen, T., Kelly, B., Wigglesworth, J., & Keller, B. (2001). Effect of creatine and recovery time on power output during 45-second supramaximal cycling intervals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1158.

    REPEATED ANAEROBIC WORK

  56. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION EXTENDS THE VOLUME OF HIGH-QUALITY INTERVAL TRAINING

    Ricketts, J. C., & Zachweija, J. J. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on swim power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1243.

  57. CREATINE ENHANCES THE PERFORMANCE OF REPETITIOUS SPRINT TASKS

    Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Ibanez, J., Izquierdo, M., & Gorostiaga, E. (2000). Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 518-525.

  58. CREATINE IMPROVES REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCES

    Preen, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Lawrence, S., Beilby, J., & Ching, S. (2001). Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 814-821.

  59. CREATINE IMPROVES REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCES IN THE HEAT

    Hulver, M. W., Campbell, A., Haff, G., Schroeder, C., Comeau, M., & Potteiger, J. A. (2000). The effects of creatine supplementation on total body fluids, performance, and muscle cramping during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 546.

  60. CREATINE IMPROVES PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOCCER PLAY IN FEMALES

    Cox, G. R., Burke, L. M., Mujika, I., & Tumilty, D. (2001). Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1149.

  61. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES HIGH-INTENSITY, INTERMITTENT EXERCISE IN SQUASH

    Romer, L. M., Barington, J., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2001). Effects of oral creatine supplementation on high intensity, intermittent exercise performance in competitive squash players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1151.

  62. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION MAY DELAY NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE IN FEMALES

    Stout, J., Eckerson, J., Moore, G., Ebersole, K., Perry, S., & Bull, A. (1999). The effects of creatine loading on neuromuscular fatigue threshold in female athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 358.

  63. ONE TIME CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION HAS MINOR PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

    Cassleman, M. A., Marsh, G., D., Saab, G., & Thompson, R. T. (2000). Effect of creatine supplementation on muscle metabolism during high-intensity, interval exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 548.

    AEROBIC WORK

  64. ENDURANCE TRAINING INCREASES THE CAPACITY TO RECOVER AND STORE GLYCOGEN AFTER EXERCISE

    Griewe, J. S., Hickner, R. C., Hansen, P. A., Racette, S. B., Chen, M. M., & Holloszey, J. O. (1999). Effects of endurance exercise training on muscle glycogen accumulation in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 82.

  65. FEMALES FUEL AEROBIC EXERCISE DIFFERENTLY TO MALES

    Jacobs, I., Moroz, D., Tikuisis, P., & Vallerand, A. (2000). Muscle glycogen in females after exercise at 9 and 21 degrees Celsius. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 1684.

  66. CREATINE IMPROVES TIME TO FATIGUE IN FEMALES MORE THAN IN MALES

    Franaux, M., Louis, M., Sturbois, X., & Poortmans, J. R. (2001). Effects of creatine supplementation in males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1152.

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