THE FEMALE ATHLETE 6

This fifth issue of Volume 17 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with characteristics of female athletes and differences between male and female athletes. It extends the concepts reported in Volume 2(5), Volume 5(5), Volume 8(5), Volume 11(5), and Volume 14(5). It further justifies establishing different coaching and training programs for each gender.

1. PERFORMANCE

1. STRENGTH TRAINING PROVOKES CHANGES INDEPENDENT OF GENDER AND RACE

   Hanson, E. D., Walts, C. T., Delmonico, M. J., Yao, L., Wang, M. Q., & Hurley, B. F. (2008). Do sex or race differences influence strength training effects on muscle or fat? ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 617.

2. CORE STABILITY TRAINING IMPROVED HAND-BALL THROWING VELOCITY IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALES

   Seiler, S., & Saeterbakken, A. (2008). A unique core stability training program improves throwing velocity in female high school athletes. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 620.

3. STATIC STRETCHING DECREASES PEAK TORQUE IN WOMEN BUT NOT IN MEN

   Costa, P. B., Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., DeFreitas, J. M., Beck, T. W., & Cramer, J. T. (2009). Acute effects of static stretching on peak torque and the rate of velocity development. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1567.

4. FEMALES SENSE AND REQUIRE MORE EVEN PACING THAN MALES IN EXTENDED EVENTS

   Hoops, M. L., Vanderburgh, P. M., & March, D. S. (2009). Age, gender, and run time as determinants of pacing in the marathon. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2796.

5. DEHYDRATION AND HEAT INTERFERES WITH FIELD-HOCKEY SKILLS

   Macleod, H., & Sunderland, C. (2009). Effect of hypohydration and intermittent running in the heat on field hockey skill performance. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2668.

6. PEAK TORQUE OCCURRENCE IS GENDER DEPENDENT

   Warren, B. L., Moody, S., & Malikie, D. (2009). Effect of variable repetitions on peak torque in male and female athletes. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2766.

7. STRETCHING DOES NOT AFFECT A SOCCER KICKING SKILL

   Pius, R., White, R. L., Lai, Q., & Engels, H. J. (2009). Place kicking kinematics following static and dynamic stretching warm-ups in young female soccer players. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2769.

8. ACUTE STATIC STRETCHING DOES NOT IMPAIR PLANTAR FLEXION

   Cannavan, D., Coleman, D. R., & Blazevich, A. J. (2009). Acute effects of static stretching on plantar-flexor moment and tendon stiffness. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 783.

9. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AT ALTITUDE IN MEN OR WOMEN

   Kressler, J., Stoutenberg, M., Roos, B., Friedlander, A. L., Viskochill, R., & Jacobs, K. A. (2009). Sildenafil does not improve exercise performance during acute hypoxia in trained men or women. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1097.

10. ALCOHOL AFFECTS PERFORMANCE DIFFERENTLY FOR MALES AND FEMALES

    Redinger, E. K., Lagenfeld, M. E., Nelms, M. N., Elder, C. L., & Gohn, A. E. (2009). The acute effects of light beer versus non-alcoholic beer on endurance performance. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1126.

11. STRONGER INDIVIDUALS FATIGUE MORE IN ISOKINETIC EXERCISES AFTER PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES

    Twist, C. (2009). Variations in isokinetic strength loss following plyometric exercise. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

12. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ALTER THE RESPONSIVENESS TO STRENGTH TRAINING DURING THE FOLLICULAR AND LUTEAL PHASES OF MENSTRUATION

    Han, A., Sung, E., Hinrichs, T., & Platen, P. (2009). Strength training and the menstrual cycle: Effects of follicular and luteal phase-based training on muscular strength and muscle diameter in subjects with oral contraception. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

13. USA SWIMMING RECORDS HAVE PROCEEDED CONSISTENTLY DESPITE THE INTRODUCTION OF "PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING" SUITS

    Johnson, M. B., Edmonds, W. A., Jain, S., & Cavazos Jr., J. (2009). Analyses of elite swimming performances and their respective between-gender differences over time. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 5(4), Article 2, pp. 18.

14. FEMALE RUNNING ACTIONS ARE DIFFERENT TO MALES

    Gehring, D., Mornieux, G., Fleischmann, J., & Gollhofer, A. (2009). Females run differently than males – Implications for running injuries? A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

15. FEMALE PERFORMANCE DECREMENT IS LESS THAN MALES IN REPEATED EXERCISES

    Laurent, C. M., Green, J. M., Bishop, P. A., Sjokvist, J., Richardson, M. T., Schumacker, R. E., & Curtner-smith, M. (June 2. 2010). Effect of gender on fatigue and recovery following maximal intensity sprint performance. Presentation 1511 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

16. CHILDREN TOLERATE INTENSIVE INTERMITTENT EXERCISE BETTER THAN ADULTS

    Muller, J., Engel, F., & Ferrauti, A. (2009). Children tolerate intensive intermittent exercise better than adults. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

17. ELITE FEMALE BIATHLETES RECOVER QUICKLY FROM HARD TRAINING

    Emanuelsen, E., Sandbakk, O., Welde, B., & Mork, P. J. (2009). Autonomic recovery during high training loads in female world-class biathlon athletes. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

18. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT IMPROVE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCES AT MODERATE OR HIGH ALTITUDES

    Stoutenberg, M., Kressler, J., Roos, B., Friedlander, A. L., Viskochill, R., Signorile, J. F., & Jacobs, K. A.(June 03, 2010). Sildenafil does not improve performance at simulated high or moderate altitudes in men or women. Presentation 1992 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

19. FATIGUE IN EXTENDED PERFORMANCES IS DIFFERENT IN WOMEN WHEN COMPARED TO MEN

    Glace, B. W., Kremenic, I. J., Ben-Avi, S., Nicholas, S., McHugh, M. P. (2010). Gender differences in relative contributions of central and peripheral mechanisms to fatigue in cyclists. Presentation 2301 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

20. MALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS ARE STRONGER THAN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

    Fry, A. C., Hudy, A., Gallagher, P. M., Vardiman, J. P., Kudrna, R. A., Moodie, N. G., McCartney, M. K., & Bustamante, J. J. (2010). Lower body power-load curves for NCAA Division I men’s and women’s collegiate basketball players. Presentation 797 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

21. RECOVERY FROM RESISTANCE EXERCISE IS GENDER SPECIFIC

    Bottaro, M., Brown, L. E., Gentil, P., Pinto, R. S., Martorelli, S., Jesus, D., & Flores, D. (2011). Dissociated time course of recovery between genders following resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 1707.
2. PHYSIOLOGY

22. SOCCER PRACTICE REQUIRES CONSIDERABLE FLUID REPLACEMENT

    Downey, N. R., Buddo, K., Palmer, M. S., & Spriet, L. L. (2008). The effect of fluid ingestion during soccer training on fluid balance and aerobic test performance. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 833.

23. RESISTANCE TRAINED WOMEN DO NOT RESPOND TO CREATINE

    De Costa Trindade, M. C., Avelar, A., Cyrino, E. S., & Tirapegui, J. (2008). Impact of creatine supplementation and resistance training on indicators of fatigue in women. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 940.

24. IGF-I NOT AFFECTED BY RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC TRAINING IN PREVIOUSLY UNTRAINED FEMALES

    Alemany, J. A., Frystyk, J., Tuckow, A. P., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Staab, J. S., Chen, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Maresh, C. M., Kraemer, W. J., & Nindl, B. C. (2008). Effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercise training on immunoreactive vs. bioassayable IGF-I. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 970.

25. WOMEN BURN MORE FAT IN EXERCISE THAN MEN

    Buzzachera, C. F., Elsangedy, H. M. Colombo, H., Krinski, K., Santos, B. V., Campos, W., Baldari, C., Guidetti, L., DaSilva, S. G., & Goss, F. L. (2009). Impact of gender on substrate utilization during treadmill walking at a self-selected pace. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1452.

26. FEMALES PRESERVE MORE WORK CAPACITY THAN MALES WHEN EXPOSED TO NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA

    Jacobs, K. A., Stoutenberg, M., Kressler, J., Roos, B., & Friedlander, A. L. (2009). Trained women demonstrate greater preservation of peak exercise capacity during acute hypoxia than trained men. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2121.

27. IRON SUPPLEMENTATION FAILS TO ALTER RATE OF HEMATOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS TO MODERATE ALTITUDE

    Minares, C., McGregor, J., Ruth, C., Terry, E., Nelson, J. L., Doan, B. K., & Brothers, M. D. (2009). Effect of iron supplementation on hematological adaptations to moderate altitude among former sea-level females. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2363.

28. BLOOD ADAPTATIONS TAKE 10 WEEKS AT MODERATE ALTITUDE

    McGregor, J., Minares, C., Ruth, C., Pinchak, A., Zupan, M. F., Nelson, J. L., & Brothers, M. D. (2009). Hemoglobin mass and erythrocyte volume adaptations after 10 weeks of altitude in sea level females. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2364.

29. NCAA III FEMALE SWIMMERS ARE DEFICIENT IN DIETARY PRACTICES

    Holmes, K., Quale, L., Brand, L., Sparby, W., & Blegen, M. (2009). Pre-season nutritional status of NCAA Division III female swimmers. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2405.

30. ENERGY PATCHES DO NOT INCREASE LIPID METABOLISM

    Everett, L., Smith, D., Fiddler, R., Jacobson, B., Fedick, J., Kline, C., Andrews, M., Warren, A., O'Brien, M., & Boolani, A. (2009). The effect of energy patches on substrate utilization in college female cross country runners. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2586.

31. TRIATHLON ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTIONS DIFFER BETWEEN THE GENDERS

    Delgado, A., Diaz, E., Perez, C., Ruiz, C. G., & Rivera, M. A. (2009). Associations between Olympic distance triathlon timed segments: Longitudinal data from 19 World Championships. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2913.

32. SILDENAFIL DOES NOT ALTER SIMULATED ALTITUDE RESPONSES IN WOMEN

    Cisneros, I. E., Bettencort, J., Joy, R., Zierke, J., Parker, D., & Quintana, R. (2009). Effects of sildenafil on VO2max in trained women with moderate normobaric hypoxia. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1096.

33. CONTRAST TEMPERATURE WATER THERAPY EFFECTIVELY REMOVES BLOOD LACTATE ACCUMULATION IN NETBALL PLAYERS

    Hamlin, M. J. (2007). The effect of recovery modality on blood lactate removal and subsequent repetitive sprint performance in netball players. New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 12-17.

34. PERIMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AFFECTS RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE

    Vaisberg, M., Berenstein, E., di Bella, Z. J., Scatena, D. A., & Lopes, A. C. (2009). Decreased performance in athletes with perimenstrual syndromes. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

35. FACTORS INDICATING MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE DIFFER BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND TRAINING STATUS IN FEMALES

    Christie, C. (2009). Impact of training status on maximal oxygen uptake criteria attainment during cycling. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

36. MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN WOMEN

    Smith, R. W., Chen, C-H., & Jang, J-T. (June 2, 2010). High magnesium intake effects on female athlete's metabolism after high intensity exercise. Presentation 1565 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

37. ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE EVENS OUT THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING OVER A MENSTRUAL CYCLE

    Sung, E., Han, A., Hinrichs, T., & Platen, P. (June 2, 2010). Endurance training and menstrual cycle: Effects of follicular and luteal phase-based training in subjects with oral contraception. Presentation 1566 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

38. MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE DOES AFFECT SOME EXERCISE PARAMETERS

    Ishijima, T., Hashimoto, H., Satou, K., Kanosue, K., Muraoka, I., Suzuki, Ki. & Higuchi, M. (2009). The effect of menstrual cycle on cardiovascular and subjective response during prolonged submaximal exercise in the heat. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

39. LOW FAT DIETS HAVE A DOWNSIDE FOR ACTIVE FEMALES

    Tomten, S. E., & Hostmark, A. T. (2009). Is there a minimum requirement for fat intake in athletic nutrition? A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

40. IRON STATUS AND CONTROL IS DIFFERENT IN FEMALE ATHLETES WHEN COMPARED TO MALE ATHLETES

    Koehler, K., Braun, H., Achtzehn, S., Predel, H. G., Mester, J., & Schaenzer, W. (2009). Iron status in young elite athletes: Influence of diet, exercise, and gender. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

41. CAFFEINE ONLY IMPROVES BEST SPRINT TIME AND IS SIMILAR IN GENDER EFFECTS

    Jordan, J. B., Caputo, J. L., & Farley, R. S. (June 03, 2010). The effects of caffeine supplementation on multiple bouts of sprint running performance. Presentation 1913 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

42. LEFT-VENTRICULAR MASS REMAINS CONSISTENT IN HIGHLY-TRAINED FEMALES DESPITE ADDED TRAINING

    Kinoshita, N., Oguma, Y., Katsukawa, F., Onishi, S., & Yamazaki, H. (2009). Do left ventricular dimensions further increase by continuing exercise training in already well-trained endurance athletes? A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

43. SALIVARY CORTISOL MAY BE A MARKER OF HARD TRAINING

    Rama, L., Alves, R., Rosado, F., & Teixeira, A. (2009). Salivary and plasma cortisol and free testosterone during a winter swimming training season. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

44. DISTANCE-SWIMMING TRAINING PROMOTES INCREASED DIAPHRAGM THICKNESS IN FEMALES

    Carlo, A. C., Sikora, A. T., & Coast, J. R. (June 03, 2010). A comparison of diaphragm thickness in female swimmers, runners, and non-athletes. Presentation 2094 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

45. TRAINING PRODUCES FASTER VO2 ON-KINETICS IN GIRLS

    Unnithan, V. B., Roche, D. M., Garrard, M., Holloway, K., & Marwood, S. (June 03, 2010). Oxygen uptake kinetics in trained female adolescents. Presentation 2010 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

46. FEMALES OVER-HYDRATE AND ARE AT RISK OF HYPONATREMIA IN LONG-DISTANCE RACES

    O'Dea, N. K., Benardot, D., Cody, M., & Thompson, W. (2010). Gender-specific hydration practices during cold-weather distance running. Presentation 2299 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

47. HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL EXERCISE AFFECTS BLOOD PRESSURE IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO STEADY-STATE EXERCISE

    Rossow, L., Yan, H., Fahs, C. A., Ranadive, S. M., Agliovlasitis, S., Wilund, K. R., Baynard, T., & Fernhall, B. (2010). Post-exercise hypotension in an endurance-trained population of men and women following high-intensity interval and steady-state cycling. Presentation 677 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

48. ADOLESCENT SPRINT ATHLETES GROW NORMALLY WITH ADEQUATE PROTEIN INTAKE

    Aerenhouts, D., Poortmans, J. R., Deriemaeker, P., Hebbelinck, M., & Clarys, P. (2010). Protein needs in adolescent sprint athletes: a longitudinal study. Presentation 795 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

49. FEMALE DISTANCE AND SPRINT SWIMMERS DIFFER IN HEMATOLOGICAL FACTORS

    Guo, H., Lu, Y., & Stager, J. M. (2010). The difference in red blood cell indices between elite female distance and sprint swimmers. A paper presented at the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Oslo, June 16–19, 2010.

50. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN KNEE FLEXION

    Ford, K. R., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2010). Longitudinal effects of maturation on lower extremity joint stiffness in young athletes. Presentation 888 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

51. IRON SUPPLEMENTATION BENEFITS FEMALE ROWERS

    Della Valle, D. M., & Hass, J. D. (2011). What is the impact of iron supplementation on training quality in non-anemic female rowers? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2004.
3. TRAINING

52. FATIGUE FROM PLYOMETRIC TRAINING SHOULD BE COUPLED WITH 24 HOURS OF RECOVERY

    Cook, S. B., Faust, K. F., Ploutz-Snyder, L. L., & Kanaley, J. A. (2008). The effects of an acute bout of plyometrics on muscle fatigue in female athletes. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 539.

53. PRECOOLING DOES NOT ALTER RUNNING ECONOMY IN RUNNERS

    Winke, M., & Yates, J. W. (2008). Precooling and running economy. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 800.

54. MOTOR UNITS IN YOUNG AND OLD, MALES AND FEMALES RESPOND SIMILARLY TO TRAINING

    Christie, A., & Kamen, G. (2009). Gender and age-related training adaptations in maximal motoneuron firing rate. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2700.

55. INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING DOES NOT ALTER VENTILATORY RESPONSES IN FEMALE RUNNERS

    Brilla, L. R., Schwerdtfeger, K. L., Knutzen, K. M., & Row, B. S. (2009). Effects of inspiratory muscle training on arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation in female collegiate endurance runners. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2800.

56. FEMALE PHYSICAL TRAINING HAS DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS TO THAT OF MALES

    Izard, R. M., Greeves, J. P., & Nightingale, T. E. (2009). The efficacy of single-sex platoon training in reducing tibial injuries during British Army training. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 710.

57. EXERCISE ACTIVITY IN RECOVERY IS BETTER THAN REST FOR MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL

    Felix, S. D., Manos, T. M., Jarvis, A. T., Jensen, B. E., & Headley, S.A. (1997). Swimming performance following different recovery protocols in female collegiate swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 12, 1-6.

58. PLYOMETRICS DO NOT ENHANCE THROWING PERFORMANCE

    Gencoglu, C., Aksu, D., Sahin, E., Gulbahar, S., Atest, O., & Bediz, C. S. (2009). Effects of upper extremity plyometrics on throwing velocity and isokinetic muscle strength of shoulder rotators in female handball players. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

59. STRENGTH AND NEUROLOGICAL TRAINING IMPROVE RUNNING FACTORS IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS

    Grieco, C. R., Greska, E., Lucci, S., Cortes, N., & Onate, J. (June 2, 2010). Effect of neuromuscular training on VO2peak and running economy in Division I Female soccer players. Presentation 1495 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

60. DIFFERENT TRIATHLON TRAINING IS WARRANTED FOR FEMALES COMPARED TO MALES

    Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Brisswalter, J., & Bernard, T. (2009). Influence of gender on pacing adopted by elite triathletes during a competition. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

61. NON-FUNCTIONAL OVERREACHING IN SWIMMERS IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH EXCESSIVE TRAINING VOLUMES

    Matos, N., Willliams, C., & Winsley, R. (2009). Non-functional overreaching in young swimmers over an eight-month competitive season. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

62. MANUAL MASSAGE AFTER EXERCISE LESSENS PERFORMANCE DECREMENT

    Jakeman, J., Day, J., Byrne, C., & Eston, R. (2009). Effects of a single manual massage treatment on the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in young active women. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

63. STATIC STRETCHING DOES NOT DEPRESS JUMPING PERFORMANCE IN MALES OR FEMALES

    Moneghan, K. D., Bemis, M. J., & Fradkin, A. J. (2010). The effects of stretching on vertical jump performance. Presentation 1706 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

64. DYNAMIC STRETCHING REDUCES MUSCLE FATIGUE IN FEMALES

    Kuno-Mizumura, M. (2009). The effect of dynamic stretching on muscle performance after fatiguing exercise. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

65. SUPERSLOW TRAINING IS NO BETTER THAN TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE TRAINING IN FEMALES

    Kim, E., Dear, A., Ferguson, S. L., & Bemben, M. G. (June 03, 2010). Traditional resistance training versus SuperSlow strength training on strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity in females. Presentation 2081 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

66. WEIGHTED ROPE-JUMPING IMPROVES MEASURES THAT ARE UNRELATED TO VOLLEYBALL PLAYING

    Colakoglu, F. F., Atalay Guzel, N., Karacan, S., & Baltaci, G. (2009). Effects of weighted rope jump training on anaerobic power, speed, flexibility, and agility in adolescent volleyball players. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

67. HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING IMPROVES PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGY BUT MIGHT NOT BE SO EFFECTIVE WITH FEMALES

    Vogt, M., Breil, F., Weber, S., Weisskopf, R., Schlegel, C. H., & Hoppeler, H. (2009). Effects of block periodization of high-intensity interval training sessions on VO2max in subelite and elite athletes. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

68. STATIC STRETCHING INTERFERES WITH PERFORMANCE WHILE DYNAMIC STRETCHING IMPROVES PERFORMANCE IN WOMEN

    Sekir, U., Arabaci, R., Akova, B., & Kadagan, S. M. (2010). Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 268–281.

69. UNTRAINED SUBJECTS RESPOND BEST TO AN AEROBIC WARM-UP WHEN PERFORMING EXPLOSIVE EXERCISES

    Fradkin, A. J., & Smoglia, J. M.(2010). Which warm-up components are essential for performance improvement? Presentation 615 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

70. SUPERVISED MODERATE PLYOMETRIC TRAINING IMPROVES POWER AND SPEED ACTIVITIES IN BOYS AND GIRLS

    Chen, S., & Weng, C. (2010). Effects of plyometric training on the performance of power and speed in children. Presentation 638 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

71. LONG-DURATION INTERVAL TRAINING PRODUCES STEADY-STATE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN FEMALES

    Tsalis, G., Toubekis, A., Michailidou, D., Gourgoulis, V., Douda, H., & Tokmakidis, S. (2010). Blood lactate responses during interval training corresponding to critical velocity in different age-group female swimmers. A paper presented at the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Oslo, June 16–19, 2010.

72. INCREASING TRAINING STEP FREQUENCY IMPROVES OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND RUNNING ECONOMY IN FEMALES

    Quinn, T. J., Dempsey, S. L., Hourihan, S. E., LaRoche, D. P., & MacKenzie, A. M. (2011). The effect of increasing step frequency on running economy in female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 857.

73. STRETCHING REDUCES FUNCTIONAL STRENGTH IN THE HAMSTRINGS AND QUADRICEPS IN WOMEN

    Costa, P. B., Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., Walter, A. A., Valdez, A. M., & Cramer, J. T. (2011). Effects of dynamic stretching on peak torque and the hamstrings-to-quadriceps conventional and functional ratios. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 1643.

74. EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING DOES NOT REQUIRE "GOING TO FAILURE"

    Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M. D., Andersen, C. H., Zebisz, M. K., & Andersen, L. L. (2011). Muscle activation strategies during strength training with heavy loading versus repetitions to failure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2298.

75. ONE SET OF RESISTANCE EXERCISES PRODUCES MAXIMAL FATIGUE

    Jakobsen, M. D., Sundstrup, E., Andersen, C. H., Zebis, M. K., & Andersen, L. L. (2011). Evaluation of neuromuscular fatigue indices during a full bout of resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(5). Supplement abstract 2300.
4. PSYCHOLOGY

76. SWIMMERS' AND COACH'S ACCOUNTING OF TRAINING CONTENT NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

    Foster, C., Wedekind, L., Battista, R. A., Pein, R., Needham, C., & Porcari, J. P. (2009). Comparison of coach vs. athlete ratings of training: Effect of sex and performance ability. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1831.

77. SUPPLEMENT USE BY PORTUGUESE SWIMMERS

    Teixeira, V. H., Sousa, M., & Moreira, P. (2009). The use of nutritional supplements by elite Portuguese swimmers. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

78. VERBAL ENCOURAGEMENT DOES NOT AFFECT FEMALES' WINGATE PERFORMANCES

    Bullinger, D. L., Hearon, C. M, Gaines, S. A., & Daniel, M. L. (June 02, 2010). Concurrent verbal encouragement and Wingate anaerobic cycle test performance in females: Athletes vs. non-athletes. Presentation 1833 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

79. INSTRUCTIONS ABOUT A TASK AFFECT HOW THE TASK IS PERFORMED

    Chavarria-Soto, M. M., & Salazar, W. (2010). Manipulation of information, personality, and sports performance. Is it really all a mental issue? Presentation 1836 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

80. LEARNING BUTTERFLY STROKE HAS SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENDERS

    Michielon, G., Scurati, R., Longo, S., & Invernizzi, P. L. (2009). Gender and learning the butterfly stroke technique. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

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