MEASURING PRACTICE EFFORT 6

This fifth issue of Volume 16 of the Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with using ratings of perceived exertion, heart rates, and lactate to measure practice effort. Nine previous issues, namely Volume 1(5), Volume 4(5), Volume 4(6), Volume 7(5), Volume 7(6), Volume 10(5), Volume 10(6), Volume 13(5), and Volume 13(6) also dealt with these topics. The information from those sources, as well as that contained in this issue, will yield an extensive knowledge base of recent research in these three indices of exercise response.

RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION – GENERAL

1. RPE IS A GOOD MEASURE OF EXERCISE INTENSITY

   Bolgar, M. R., Baker, C. E., Goss, F. L., Nagle, E. F., & Robertson, R. J. (2008). Effects of training status and exercise intensity on differentiated and undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 1638.

2. RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION TEND TO BE OVER-ESTIMATED BEFORE AND AFTER EXERCISE

   Kilpatrick, M., Powers, J., Mears, J., Ferrer, N., & Wagman, J. (2008). Comparison of perceived exertion ratings before, during, and after three different bouts of aerobic exercise. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis. Presentation number 947.

3. OMNI SCALE A REASONABLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE BORG SCALE

   Frederick, M., Krings, K., Wilfong, E., & Hoover, D. (2009). Concurrent validity of The Omni Scale of Perceived Exertion during cycling. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 926.
   RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION – SPECIFICS

4. HEAT STRESS IS MODIFIED BY TEMPERATURE AND TYPE OF WORK AND REFLECTED IN RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION

   Green, J. M., Yang, Z., Laurent, C. M., Davis, J.-K., Kerr, K., Pritchett, R. C., & Bishop, P. A. (2007). Session RPE following interval and constant-resistance cycling in hot and cool environments. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 2051-2057.
   RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION AND LACTATE OR HEART RATE COMPARISONS

5. CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT ALTER THE BLOOD LACTATE-RPE RELATIONSHIP

   Steiner, J., Curmaci, A., Patrie, J., Gaesser, B., & Weltman, A. (2009). Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on the rating of perceived exertion-blood lactate relationship. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1454.

6. RPE IS RELATED TO SOME LACTATE CONCENTRATIONS IN TRAINED CYCLISTS

   Broxterman, R. M., Wagner, P. G., & Bender, P. A. (2009). Comparison of RPE to blood lactate levels in cyclists based on mileage per year. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2792.
   HEART RATE – GENERAL

7. CRITICAL HEART RATE IS RELATED TO CRITICAL POWER

   Mielke, M., Housh, T. J., Malek, M. H., Beck, T. W., Hendrix, C. R., Zuniga, J. M., Camic, C. L., Schmidt, R. J., & Johnson, G. O. (2009). A test for determining critical heart rate using the critical power model. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2795.

8. CARDIAC DRIFT IS INFLUENCED BY EXERCISE INTENSITY

   Murphy, K., Winger, J., & Stavrianeas, S. (2009). The onset and magnitude of cardiovascular drift depend on exercise intensity in competitive cyclists. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 699.
   LACTATE – GENERAL

9. LACTATE MORE SENSITIVE TO TRAINING CHANGES THAN HEART RATE

   Turner, A., Smith, T., & Coleman, S. G. (2008). Use of an audio-paced incremental swimming test in young national-level swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3, 68-70.

10. ACTIVE RECOVERY CLEARS LACTATE FASTER THAN PASSIVE RECOVERY AT SEA LEVEL AND ALTITUDE

    Davis, J. E., Swanton, S. A., Gaskell, G. L., & Walsh, K. (2009). Effect of moderate altitude on lactate clearance during active and passive recovery. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 2898.

11. TRAINING DOES NOT INFLUENCE LACTATE REMOVAL RATES

    Oosthuyse, T., & Carter, R. N. (1999). Lactate decline during passive recovery from high intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 670-674.

12. BLOOD LACTATE REMOVAL IS SIMILAR ACROSS AGE-GROUPS

    Reaburn, P., & Mackinnon, L. (1990). Blood lactate responses in older swimmers during active and passive recovery following maximal sprint swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 61, 246-250.

13. LACTATE SHOULD NOT BE USED TO EVALUATE TRAINING STATUS OR TECHNIQUE

    Van Hall, G. (2009). Lactate in whole body exercise: An anaerobic end product and an aerobic substrate. A paper presented at the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway, June 24-27.

14. POST-RACE BLOOD LACTATE LEVELS ARE SIMILAR BETWEEN GENDERS AND NOT RELATED TO AGE

    Wells, G. D., Falenchuk, O., Gannon, G., & Vescovi, J. D. (2010). Factors affecting blood lactate accumulation and clearance in elite competitive swimmers during competition. A paper presented at the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Oslo, June 16–19, 2010.
    LACTATE – SPECIFICS

15. VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS MOSTLY MEASURE DIFFERENT FACTORS IN SWIMMERS

    Johnson, J. K., Battista, R. A., Pein, R., Dodge, C., & Foster, C. (2009). Comparison of monitoring tools for training intensity in swimmers. ACSM 56th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington. Presentation number 1839.

16. PERCENTAGE OF MEAN BLOOD LACTATE DECREASE COULD BE A TRAINING RESPONSE MARKER

    Pelayo, P., Mujika, I., Sidney, M., & Chatard, J. C. (1996). Blood lactate recovery measurements, training, and performance during a 23-week period of competitive swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 74, 107-113.

17. NON-SPECIFIC MODE ACTIVE RECOVERY PROMOTES LACTATE REMOVAL

    Denadai, B., Guglielmo, L., & Denadai, M. (2000). Effect of exercise mode on the blood lactate removal during recovery of high-intensity exercise. Biology of Sport, 17, 37-45.

18. CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION AFFECTS SWIMMING PERFORMANCES

    Reilly, T., & Woodbridge, V. (1999). Effects of moderate dietary manipulations on swim performance and on blood lactate-swimming velocity curves. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 93-97.
    LACTATE – USES

19. LACTATE REMOVAL BUT NOT PERFORMANCE IMPROVED AFTER ACTIVE RECOVERY

    Franchini, E., Takito, M. Y., Nakamura, F. Y., Matsushigue, K. A., & Peduti Dal'Molin Kiss, M. A. (2003). Effects of recovery type after a judo combat on blood lactate removal and on performance in an intermittent anaerobic task. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43, 424-431.

20. LACTATE REMOVAL MOST EFFICIENT AT A WORK RATE SLIGHTLY BELOW THE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

    Baldari, C., Videira, M., Madeira, F., Sergio, J., & Guidetti, L. (2005). Blood lactate removal during recovery at various intensities below the individual anaerobic threshold in triathletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45, 460-466.

21. CORE STABILIZATION ACTIVITIES IN RECOVERY ACCELERATE LACTATE REMOVAL

    Navalta, J. W., & Hrncir, S. P. (2007). Core stabilization exercises enhance lactate clearance following high-intensity exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 1305-1309.

22. ACTIVE RECOVERY WORKS FOR SWIMMING NO MATTER WHAT THE EXERCISE MODE

    Plusch, T., O'Brien, J., Whitebay, C., Wright, S., Wygand, J., & Otto, R. M. (June 03, 2010). The effect of three different modes of recovery on lactate removal rate following a maximal effort swim in masters level swimmers. Presentation 2388 at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; June 2-5.

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