Astrab, J., Small, E., & Kerner, M. S. (2001). Muscle strength and flexibility in young elite swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1924.

This study determined if the physical characteristics of high school swimmers were consistent with the current knowledge regarding shoulder strength and range of movement in elite swimmers. Age-group swimmers (N = 24) were tested for shoulder dynamics and compared to normal values.

It was found that imbalances in strength and flexibility existed in these Ss. Internal rotators could be the primary cause of the imbalances. Since young swimmers are still growing, it would be best if development could proceed normally, rather than unbalanced. Unbalanced development seems to be a product of the sport's training effects, no matter who the swimmers are.

Implication. Age-group swimmers develop in the shoulders in an unbalanced manner.

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