Ring, S., Mader, A., & Mougious, V. (1999). Plasma ammonia response to sprint swimming. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39, 128-132.

Sprint (N = 9) and non-sprint (N = 10) swimmers completed maximum 15-, 25-, and 50-m crawl swims. Capillary blood samples were collected before and after each effort to determine plasma ammonia concentrations.

Ammonia kinetics differed between distances but not between groups.

Sprint tasks seem to be connected to distinctions in muscle fiber profile and energy delivery processes. This appears to contradict the popular, too-simplistic notion, that sprint efforts up to 45 seconds in most sports use anaerobic mechanisms to the fullest. Each sprint distance has a unique set of energy demands and fiber use.

Implication. Muscle fiber use and energy delivery differs between 15-, 25-, and 50-m swims.

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