Yoshimura, Y., Tanaka, T., Oishi, K., Yasukawa, M., & Funato, K. (2005). Breaststroke skills in male elite swimmers detected by means of a speed meter. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(5), Supplement abstract 422.

Velocity curves were compared for male breaststroke swimmers (N = 5) using a wire speed meter.

At one point in the stroke cycle, velocity approached 0 m/s for lower level participants but did not negatively accelerate nearly as much for international performers. Better swimmers had better kicks (they generated more velocity).

Implication. Breaststroke swimming performances can be improved by increasing the lowest velocity in the stroke and increasing the effectiveness of the kick.

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