Mookerjee, S., & Weller, B. R. (2006). Lower extremity isokinetic strength and flexibility impacts flutter kicking performance in swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1616.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ankle, hip, and knee isokinetic strength, flexibility, and flutter kicking time. Additionally, this study investigated gender differences in isokinetic strength, joint angular velocities, flexibility, and kicking performance. Ss (M = 11; F = 14; age = 20.3 ± 1.5 yr) were filmed underwater while completing 22.86 and 45.72 meter kicking tests. Joint angular velocities at the hip, knee, and ankle were determined. Additionally, ranges of motion at the hip, knee, and ankle joints were assessed via goniometry.

There were significant gender differences in hip angular velocities and peak torques. However, there were no significant gender differences in relative peak torque, flexibility, or angular velocities at the other joints. Significant correlations were found between both 22.86m and 45.72m kicking times and hip flexion torque and knee extension torque. Flexibility and ankle isokinetic torques were not significantly correlated with kicking times.

Implication. Hip flexion and knee extension torques at the faster isokinetic testing speeds are significant determinants of flutter kicking performance. When coaching kicking, the velocity of the hip and knee movements should be emphasized.

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