Mazzetti, S. A., Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Tatamess, N. A., Gomez, A. L., Newton, R. U., Hakkinen, K., & Fleck, S. J. (2000). The influence of direct supervision of resistance training on strength performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1175-1184.

Directly supervised, heavy-resistance training in moderately trained me resulted in a greater rate of training load increase and magnitude which resulted in greater maximal strength gains compared with unsupervised training.

Implication. The presence of personal trainers, exercise instructors, and coaches is likely to lead to better and greater amounts of exercise output and adaptation than in unsupervised conditions.

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