Tjornhom, M., & Bahr, R. (1997). Prevalence of doping in sports - Doping control in Norway 1977-1995. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(5), Supplement abstract 1661.

It was found that when testing frequency increased in certain targeted sports, there was a reduction in positive test results in those sports as well as the total of sports subjected to drug assessments.

Implication. If drug testing is increased, use of drugs decreases.

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