Hammer, W. L., Pierce, E. F., Pace, J., & McGowan, R. W. (1994). Relationship between mood disturbance and physiological responses to training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), Supplement abstract 312.

The global measure on the POMS was compared to self-perceptions on muscle soreness and a variety of measures that indicate training stress. It was found that the POMS score related to both perceptual and clinical measures of skeletal muscle stress.

Implication. Swimmers can accurately report when they are stressed. Inadvertently, the stress is indicated by mood behaviors.

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