Ciccomascolo, L. E., Finn, J. A., Barbarich, J. E., & Rinehardt, K. F. (1995). Effect of up-beat music on endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(5), Supplement abstract 853.

Neither popular up-beat music nor ambient sounds (e.g., cheers at a basketball game) had any physiological or psychological effects on endurance performance.

Implication. Although some individuals like music while they are training or performing, it is not a universally beneficial pursuit. Music is not a general stimulus for moderating arousal level.

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