Burhans, R. S., Richman, C. L., & Bergey, D. B. (1988). Mental imagery training: effects on running speed performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19, 26-37.

The value of task- or performance-specific imagery was demonstrated, although the form of the imagery was external (visualization) as opposed to internal (experience). Imagery of perfect skill and movement execution enhances athletic performance on a short-term basis.

Implication. Imagery involving perfect execution, as opposed to imagining errors or sloppy performances, is associated with short-term performance improvements, such as those achieved in one day or in the period before contests.

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