Cumming, J. L., & Ste-Marie, D. M. (2001). The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery training: A matter of perspective. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 276-288.

Novice synchronized skaters (N = 16) participated in an intervention of both cognitive and motivational imagery. The Sport Imagery Questionnaire was used to assess changes in skaters' imagery. Training consisted of two 15-25 minute sessions per week for five weeks. Ss were identified for preferred imagery perspective (internal or external). The intervention consisted of scripts being read to the group and included kinesthetic and visual images. Ss interpreted the script in the manner of their preferred imagery.

Ss significantly increased cognitive specific and cognitive general imagery regardless of preferred imagery perspective. No imagery was used for motivational functions.

Implication. Directing athletes' attention to using imagery can improve imagery, particularly cognitive functions. Instructions about the use of imagery and particular performance features as regular occurrences in training sessions has the potential to increase the quality of athletes' application to practice activities.

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