Wolfe, B. L., LeMura, L. M., Razzaghi, M., & Szmedra, L. (2002). A quantitative analysis of single vs multiple sets in resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1123.

A meta-analysis was performed to determine the status of single versus multiple sets in resistance training. Studies (N = 35) were located. The following conclusions were proposed.

1. Older Ss (50-70 yr) produced greater effect sizes than younger (18-45 yr) Ss with no differences between single or multiple sets.
2. Untrained Ss developed the highest strength increases.
3. Untrained Ss increased strength greater with single-set training than trained Ss using multiple-set training.
4. Controlled studies produced higher effect sizes than non-controlled studies.
5. Ss who trained to fatigue, rather than failure, produced the greatest strength increases irrespective of the number of sets.
6. The journal in which the studies were reported, affected results. Journals measured by high impact factor revealed the highest effects.
7. Longer duration programs (16-25 weeks) produced significantly higher strength increases than shorter programs (10-15 weeks).

Implication. A clear distinction of effectiveness between single and multiple sets does not exist.

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