SWIMMING SCIENCE BULLETIN

Number 10

Produced, edited, and copyrighted by
Professor Brent S. Rushall, San Diego State University

EXTRACTED PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUATIC RESEARCH ANNUAL - 1991-1992
[Adapted from NSWIMMING Coaching Science Bulletin: Volume 1 Number 5 - November, 1992]
EDITORIAL

This issue of the Swimming Science Bulletin analyzes studies reported in the 1991-92 International Center for Aquatic Research Annual edited by Dr. John Troup. The center is situated in Colorado Springs, USA.

A number of years ago ICAR received considerable criticism which led to personnel changes and a reduction in its productivity. The standard of work conducted was evaluated and while not found to be invalid, suggestions were made to increase the stringency of controls exercised in experimental work. This writer made his own personal evaluation of the work done, item by item, and in this and subsequent summaries includes implications of findings that are acceptable. This is the reason why some of the entries and implications from the original ICAR publication are not included.

The purpose of this Bulletin is to highlight the major principles from each study in the 1991-92 Annual and explain their implications for coaching. It is the second issue devoted to the work conducted at ICAR in its initial years.

It is recommended that the reader obtain a copy of this ICAR report. It is handy to refer to the graphic material. After reading this Bulletin understanding of the studies in the report should be facilitated. The text reference and address for its purchase are:

Troup, J. (1992). International Center for Aquatic Research annual - Studies by the International Center for Aquatic Research, 1991-92. United States Swimming Press, 1750 East Boulder Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA 80909-5770.

Table of Contents

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES

  1. Developmental phases of the age-group swimmer.
  2. Description of skeletal muscle biochemical profiles that validate measurement of anaerobic potential and status.
  3. Youth participation in sport: advantages of swimming versus sedentary lifestyles.
  4. The effects of training status on the anaerobic profile, with implications for performance.

    TRAINING RESPONSES AND ADAPTATIONS

  5. Physiological time course adjustments to endurance training at altitude and tapering at sea level.
  6. Hematological and hormonal changes associated with acclimatization to moderate altitude.
  7. The effects of training status on the fatigue and recovery of skeletal muscle.
  8. The effects of weight training and endurance swimming on muscle, power, and performance.
  9. Interval training for maximum endurance (VO2max) development.
  10. The effects of repeated days of intense training on intramuscular energy stores.

    BIOMECHANICAL STUDIES

  11. Fluid forces on the hands and forearms.
  12. Three-dimensional whole-body descriptions.
  13. A case study of changes in muscle activity and power during the taper.
  14. Muscle function of painful versus non-painful swimmer's shoulder.

    NUTRITIONAL STUDIES

  15. The effect of carbohydrate feedings in four-hour swimmers.
  16. High-volume training and the effects of altered protein intake on nitrogen balance.
  17. Energy use changes during a common interval training set at altitude and at sea level.
  18. The effect of training status on the resynthesis rates of muscle glycogen.

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