Volume 14(5): March, 2009

THE FEMALE ATHLETE 5

This fifth issue of Volume 14 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with characteristics of female athletes and differences between male and female athletes. It extends the concepts reported in Volume 2(5), Volume 5(5), Volume 8(5), and Volume 11(5). It further justifies establishing different coaching and training programs for each gender.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

    PERFORMANCE

  1. CONTRACEPTIVE PILL USE DOES NOT AFFECT MUSCLE STRENGTH

    Elliott, K. J, Cable, N. T, & Reilly, T. (2005). Does oral contraceptive use affect maximum force production in women? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 15-19.

  2. MENSTRUATION PHASE CAN AFFECT PERFORMANCE IN SOME WOMEN

    Artner, J. (1979). Shifting of menstruation in female athletes. Fortschritte der Medizin, 97(19), 901-906.

  3. MALES FATIGUE SOONER THAN FEMALES IN LOW-INTENSITY ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

    Griffith, E. E., Yoon, T., Schlinder-Delap, B., & Hunter, S. K. (2006). Sex differences in muscle fatigability are task dependent and not explained by a difference in central fatigue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1351.

  4. BOTH GENDERS ARE SIMILARLY RESISTANT TO SPRINT CYCLING FATIGUE

    Krah, S. A., Gonzales, J. U., Thompson, B. C., Thistelthwaite, J. R., & Scheuermann, B. W. (2006). Fatigue in females and males in response to repeated bouts of 30 s sprint cycling exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1729.

  5. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSES TO ENDURANCE EXERCISE

    Vislocky, L. M., Gaine, P. C., Martin, W. F., Pikosky, M. A., & Rodriguez, N. R. (2006). Gender differences in plasma substrates and hormones in response to endurance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1989.

  6. STRETCHING DOES NOT INFLUENCE VERTICAL JUMP HEIGHT IF A WARM-UP IS PERFORMED

    Dalrymple, K., Davis, S., Dwyer, G., & Moir, G. (2007). Effect of static and dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance in collegiate women volleyball players. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 1441.

  7. TIMES FOR RECOVERY OF NEUROMUSCULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES DIFFER AFTER A SOCCER GAME

    Andersson, J., Raastad, T., Nilsson, J., Paulsen, G., Garthe, I., & Kadi, F. (2008). Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer: Effects of active recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 372-380.

  8. MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND VELOCITY DIFFER BETWEEN THE GENDERS

    Nguyen, D., Uribe, B., Nishimura, K., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., & Judelson, D. A. (2008). Gender effects on dynamic RVD and static RFD. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1611.

  9. HEAT STRESS AFFECTS HIGH ABILITY MARATHONERS MORE THAN LOWER ABILITY ATHLETES

    Ely, M. R., Martin, D. E., Cheuvront, S. N., & Montain, S. J. (2008). Effect of heat stress on marathon pacing is dependent on runner ability. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1932.

  10. ULTRADISTANCE RUNNING PERFORMANCES ARE SIMILAR FOR THE GENDERS WHEN MATCHED FOR 50-km RUNNING SPEED

    Hoffman, M. D., (2008). Gender-related performance comparison for ultramarathon trail running. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 2182.

    PHYSIOLOGY

  11. SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION SIMILAR BETWEEN GENDERS IN LONG-DURATION EXERCISE

    Harger, S. G., McClaughry, A. E., Gaskill, S. E., & Ruby, B. C. (2006). Effects of carbohydrate supplementation in men and women during long duration exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1397.

  12. CARBOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE IN FEMALES

    Welsch, E. A., Sedlock, D. A., Flynn, M. G., Glenn, J., & Park, K-S. (2006). Carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged intermittent exercise in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1400.

  13. CHO MEALS BEFORE EXERCISE DO NOT INFLUENCE TIME TO FATIGUE

    Gyorkos, A. M., Michael, T. J., Cheatham, C. C., & Ricard, M. D. (2006). The effect of glycemic index and timing of meal on exercise to fatigue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1401.

  14. PALPATED HEART RATES DELAY OBTAINING ACTUAL TERMINAL HEART RATES

    John, D., Sforzo, G. A., & Swensen, T. (2006). Post-exercise heart rate measurement after group exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1934.

  15. ENDURANCE WORK IS MORE CATABOLIC IN FEMALES THAN MALES

    Rodriguez, N. R., Gaine, P. C., Pikosky, M. A., Martin, W. F., Vislocky, L. M., Bolster, D. R., Ferrando, A. A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2007). Gender comparisons of skeletal muscle protein turnover following an endurance exercise bout. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1984.

  16. MUSCLE COOLING ONLY AFFECTS MUSCLE PERFORMANCE AT FASTER SPEEDS

    Wilson, S. M., & Ecker, K. R. (2006). The influence of ice immersion on muscle force production, power, and total work in NCAA intercollegiate female athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2128.

  17. MUSCLE FATIGUE CHANGES THE WAY MUSCLE GROUPS FUNCTION

    Ballantyne, B. T., & Shields, R. K. (2006). Muscle fatigue alters neuromuscular performance during resisted weight bearing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2404.

  18. FEMALE RUNNING PERFORMANCES ARE UNLIKELY TO EQUAL MEN'S

    Nevill, A. M., & Whyte, G. (2006). Will women ever run (or walk) faster than men in long-distance endurance events? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2745.

  19. RUNNING ECONOMY IS NOT RELATED TO MECHANICAL POWER

    Heise, G. D., Rapacki, L., Dunlavy, J., White, G., Dounglomehunt, P., Binks, L., Poston, B., & Shinohara, M. (2006). Relation between running economy and continuous jumping mechanical power measures. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 863.

  20. GENDER DOES NOT DISCRIMINATE HYPONATREMIA IN IRONMAN TRIATHLETES

    Sallis, R. E., Longacre, M., & Morris, L (2006). Hyponatremia of exercise in Hawaiian Ironman triathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1042.

  21. HYPOXIA REDUCES THE POTENTIAL OF MUSCULAR ENDURANCE WORK

    Matsuura, C., Gomes, P. S., Hayknowsky, M., & Bhambhani, Y. (2007). Cardiorespiratory responses to resistance exercise under hypoxia in healthy subjects. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 921.

  22. ALTITUDE EXPOSURE STIMULATES INCREASED EPO IN DISTANCE RUNNERS; NO GENDER DIFFERENCES

    Chapman, R. F., Derchak, P. A., Stager, J. M., Stray-Gundersen, J., & Levine, B. D. (2008). Erythropoietin production at moderate altitude in elite endurance athletes is not mediated by peripheral chemoresponsiveness. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1267.

  23. MALE SWIMMERS HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF ANAEROBIC POWER AND CAPACITY THAN FEMALES

    Paradisis, G., Zacharogiannis, E., & Psycharakis, S. (2008). Anaerobic power and capacity in competitive swimmers. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 2118.

  24. FEMALES DISPLAY DIFFERENT HEAT BALANCES TO MALES WHEN MEASURES ARE CORRECTED FOR SMALLER BODY SIZE

    Dorman, L. E., Jay, O., Gagnon, D., Webb, P., DuCharme, M. B., Reardon, F. D., & Kenny, G. P. (2008). Sex differences in human heat balance at the same intermittent work loads. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1934.

  25. MALES HAVE A HIGHER HEAT LOAD WHEN WORKING AT THE SAME % VO2 AS FEMALES

    Gagnon, D., Jay, O., Lemire, B., Dorman, L., & Kenny, G. P. (2008). Sex-related differences in dynamic heat balance: Metabolic heat production considerations. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1935.

    TRAINING

  26. THREE IS BETTER THAN A FOUR WEEK TAPER IN SWIMMING

    Trinity, J. D., Pahnke, M. D. & Coyle, E. F. (2003). Effect of taper duration on the time course for changes in maximal power of elite female swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1622.

  27. STATIC BALANCE TRAINING APPEARS TO HAVE SPECIFIC AND GENERAL EFFECTS

    Behm, D. G., Kean, C. O., & Young, W. B. (2006). Task specificity of static and dynamic balance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1757.

  28. RESTING IS AS GOOD AS CRYOTHERAPY FOR RECOVERING FROM REPEATED STRENGTH MOVEMENTS AND AFFECTING THE NEXT EXERCISE BOUT

    Wu, R.-P., Tseng, K.-W., Huanh, C.-Y., & Wang, Y.-P. (2006). Effects of electrotherapy and icing on damaged muscle during repeated sets exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2175.

  29. RESISTANCE TRAINING ADDS NO FURTHER BENEFIT TO AEROBIC TRAINING FOR AEROBIC TASKS

    Staab, J. S., Sharp, M. A., Nindl, B. C., Rarick, K. R., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Yamamoto, L. M., Frykman, P. N., Harman, E. A., Gutekenst, D. J., Volek, J. S., Maresh, C. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2006). Comparison of three training programs for improving aerobic performance in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2587.

  30. ALTITUDE TRAINING REDUCES LEAN BODY MASS

    Sucec, A. A., Hodgson, J. A., Hazard, A. A., & Roy, B. A. (2006). Body mass and lean body mass loss during residence at moderate altitude (2,450 m) in female and male runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2727.

  31. STATIC STRETCHING INHIBITS ACCELERATION AND SPRINTING

    Sayers, A., Caputo, J. L., Farley, R. S., Fuller, D. K., & Jubenville, C. B. (20007). The effect of static stretching on phases of sprint performance in elite soccer players. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 1440.

  32. UNTRAINED FEMALES LOSE STRENGTH FASTER THAN UNTRAINED MALES

    Deschenes, M. R., McCoy, R. W., & Holdren, A. N. (2007). Gender influences neuromuscular adaptations to muscle unloading. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 2363.

  33. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN STRENGTH LOSS AFTER ECCENTRIC EXERCISE

    Sewright, K. A., Hubal, M. J., Kearns, A., Holbrook, M. T., & Clarkson, P. M. (2008). Sex differences in response to maximal eccentric exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 242-251.

  34. GENDER DIFFERENCES OCCUR WITH HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING IN AVERAGE ATHLETES

    Graef, J. L., Kendall, K. L., Smith, A. E., Walter, A. A., Beck, T. W., Cramer, J. T., & Stout, J. R. (2008). The effects of acute high-intensity interval endurance training in men and women. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1296.

  35. EFFECTS OF PASSIVE STRETCHING ARE SHORT-LIVED

    Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., Hull, H. R., Hartman, M. J., Beck, T. W., Stout, J. R., & Cramer, J. T. (2008). Time course for the effects of passive stretching on musculotendinous stiffness: A dose-response study. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1365.

  36. RESISTANCE TRAINABILITY DIFFERS BETWEEN THE ARMS AND LEGS IN FEMALES

    Marin, D. P., Ribeiro Fonseca, C. E., & Aylton Jr., A. J. (2008). Comparison of different rest intervals among sets on bench press and leg press performance. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1609.

  37. ACTIVE RECOVERY BOOSTS VO2max VALUES IN FEMALE DISTANCE RUNNERS

    Bosak, A. M., Rochus, A., & Vial, I. (2008). Effects of two minutes active recovery on a “booster” VO2max test using female distance runners. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 2181.

    PSYCHOLOGY

  38. ATHLETE-COACH DIALOGUES ARE IMPORTANT

    Mjaavatn, P. E. (2006). With whom do you talk? Young athletes and their conversations around competition and training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1740.

  39. TASK AND EGO ORIENTATIONS VARY DIFFERENTLY IN SPORTS

    Bock, S., & Batterham, A. M. (2006). Practical significance of contextual sensitivity of goal orientations in youth sport. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1743.

  40. RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION RELATED TO RESISTANCE EXERCISE INTENSITY

    Lagally, K. M., Rock, B. J., McCaw, S. T., & Brown, D. D. (2006). Selection of resistance exercise intensity using ratings of perceived exertion from the OMNI-RES. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2641.

  41. WOMEN RESPOND WITH HIGHER PAIN RATINGS THAN MEN

    Bement, M. H., Rasiarmos, R. L., DiCapo, J. M., Griffith, E. E., & Hunter, S. K. (2006). Sex differences and reductions in pressure-induced pain following submaximal isometric contractions. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2646.

  42. PREFERRED ACTIVITIES ARE MORE PLEASANT AND HAVE LOWER RPE LEVELS THAN NON-PREFERRED ACTIVITIES

    Bixby, W. R., Lochbaum, M. R., & Parson, M. (2006). The effects of choice on the temporal dynamics of affective response associated with acute exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1000.

  43. THE PARENT-AS-COACH IS PERCEIVED TO BE POSITIVE BY A MAJORITY OF FEMALE ATHLETES

    Corliss, C., Olson, M. S., & Williford, H. N. (20007). Self-reports of female athlete’s experiences with a parent-coach in youth sports: A qualitative inquiry. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 2261.

  44. SPORTING PARTICIPATION DOES NOT AFFECT MATURATION IN FEMALES

    Erlandson, M. C., Sherar, L. B., Mirwald, R. L., Maffulli, N., & Baster-Jones, A. D. (2008). Growth and maturation of adolescent female gymnasts, swimmers, and tennis players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 34-42.

  45. RPE IS A GOOD MEASURE OF EXERCISE INTENSITY

    Bolgar, M. R., Baker, C. E., Goss, F. L., Nagle, E. F., & Robertson, R. J. (2008). Effects of training status and exercise intensity on differentiated and undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion. ACSM 55th Annual Meeting Indianapolis, Presentation Number, 1638.

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