MEASURING PRACTICE EFFORT 5.2

This sixth issue of Volume 10 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with using lactate measures as indications of exercise effort as well as relating lactate to various thresholds. Previous issues, namely Volume 1(5), Volume 4(6), Volume 7(6), and Volume 10(6) also dealt with this topic. The information from those sources, as well as that contained in this issue, will yield an extensive knowledge base of recent research in this of exercise response.

1. LACTATE DOES NOT HINDER BUT HELPS EXERCISE

   Hasimoto, T., Hussien, R., & Brooks, G. A. January 24, 2006). Co-localization of MCT1, CD147 and LDH in mitochondrial inner membrane of L6 skeletal muscle cells: Evidence of a mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism [on line at https://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/00594.2005v1].

2. LACTATE NOT AFFECTED BY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION AFTER RESISTANCE EXERCISE

   Todd, M., Stevens, W., Wagner, C., & Cramer, C. (1998). Effect of single dose protein supplement on blood lactate concentration after resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 97.

3. LACTATE ANALYZERS ARE RELIABLE BUT DIFFER IN LACTATE THRESHOLD LEVELS

   Miles, D. S., Cox, M. H., Verde, T. J., Evangelisti, M. I., Moser, C. D., & Kuesel, L. (1998). Comparison of the Accusport, YSI 1500, and YSI 23L lactate analyzers during progressive cycle ergometer exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 195.

4. HEART RATES ALONE ARE RELATIVELY USELESS FOR INDICATING TRAINING STIMULI IN ELITE ATHLETES

   Foster, C., Fitzgerald, D. J., & Spatz, P. (1999). Stability of the blood lactate-heart rate relationships in competitive athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 578-582.

5. ABSOLUTE LACTATE LEVELS ARE NOT ACCURATE WORK ESTIMATORS WHEN GLYCOGEN LEVELS CHANGE

   Norris, S. R., Lefort, J. P., & Smith, D. J. (1998). Maximal lactate steady state and submaximal lactate threshold cycling speeds when glycogen depleted. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1861.

6. DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS YIELD DIFFERENT LACTATE THRESHOLD VALUES

   Santos, T. M., & Gomes, P. S. (1998). Relationship between different lactate threshold determinations in long-distance male runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1862.

7. LACTATE THRESHOLD VARIES WITH PROTOCOL AND CRITERIA USED

   Watts, P. B., Jensen, R. L., Gannon, E., Harney, R., & Kobienia, R. (1998). Protocol duration effect on lactate threshold during intermittent cycle ergometry. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1863.

8. LACTATE VALUES NOT GOOD INDICATORS OF WORK INTENSITY

   Buffington, S. M., Sucec, A. A., Burke, J., & Trone, D. (2000). Terminal blood lactate concentrations for distance runners for races from 400 m to 10 km. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 882.

9. ACIDOSIS IN FATIGUE IS NOT LACTIC ACID

   Robergs, R. A., & Ghiasvand, F. (2001). A reevaluation of the biochemical causes of skeletal muscle acidosis during intense exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1565.

10. LACTATE CONCENTRATIONS ARE NOT RELATED TO ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

    Smekal, G., Simon, D., Pokan, R., von Duvillard, S. P., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Hofmann, P, & Bachl, N. (2001). Lack of correlation between variables of endurance performance and the lactate concentration in MaxLASS. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 143.

11. ABSOLUTE POST-EXERCISE LACTATE VALUES OVERESTIMATE LACTATE CHANGES

    Berthoin, S., Pelayo, P., Baquet, G., Marais, G., Allender, H., & Robin, H. (2002). Plasma lactate recovery from maximal exercise with correction for variations in plasma volume. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42, 26-30.

12. SLOW-TWITCH FIBER CAPILLARIZATION GOVERNS LACTATE REMOVAL

    Messonnier, L., Freund, H., Denis, C., Dormois, D., Dufour, A.-B., & Lacoour, J.-R. (2002). Time to exhaustion at VO2max is related to the lactate exchange and removal abilities. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 433-438.

13. SHORT WORK AND REST INTERVALS ARE CONDUCIVE TO GREATER VOLUMES OF SPECIFIC WORK BEING ACCOMPLISHED

    Taylor, E. B., Parcell, A. C., Creer, A. R., Sawyer, R. D., Guthrie, M., & Eyestone, E. D. (2002). The effect of work and rest distribution on lactate production during interval training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1539.

14. ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC TESTS CAN BE USED TO ESTIMATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

    Luebbers, P. E., Stanbrough, M. E., Ermler, K., Butler, M. S., & Harris, D. F. (2004). An examination of the relationship among three indirect tests of anaerobic threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 295.

15. LACTATE IS INAPPROPRIATE FOR QUANTIFYING TRAINING INTENSITY

    Ellis, D. S., Taylor-Mason, A., & Miller, B. F. (2006). A sodium-lactate infusion does not change time-trial performance in cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 650.
    LACTATE – SPECIFICS

16. HIGH LACTATE LEVELS AT TRAINING COMPROMISES AEROBIC PERFORMANCE

    Simoes, H. G., Campbell, C. S., & Kokubun, E. (1998). High and low lactic acidosis training: Effects upon aerobic and anaerobic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 932.

17. AEROBIC TRAINING IMPROVES LACTATE CLEARANCE AND RECOVERY

    Deutsch, M. U., Kearney, G. A., & Rehrer, N. J. (1999). Lactate equilibrium and aerobic indices of elite rugby union players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1361.

18. LACTATE THRESHOLD IS AFFECTED MORE BY HEAT THAN BY HYDRATION

    Papadopoulos, C., Doyle, J. A., & Thompson, W. R. (1998). The effect of hypohydration on the lactate threshold in a hot and humid environment. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1612.

19. CONCONI TEST OVERESTIMATES ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD

    Baldissera V., Campbell, C. S., Simoes, H. G., Denadai, B. S., & Hill, D. W. (1998). Two methods to identify the anaerobic threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 1858.

20. A STEP-TEST GIVES A ROUGH PREDICTION OF A PROTOCOL-DEPENDENT MEASURE

    Barber, J., W., Robinson, T. L., Smith, E. R., & Vitale, D. A. (1999). Anaerobic threshold determination for breaststroke and butterfly in competitive adolescent swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1398.

21. TYPE OF REST PERIOD RECOVERY ACTIVITY DOES NOT AFFECT LACTATE REMOVAL IN REPEATED BURSTS OF INTENSE EXERCISE

    Smith, T., Staiger, S., Brinkert, R., & von Duvillard, S. P. (1999). Wingate tests - the effect of active vs passive recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 424.

22. LACTATE/RPE RATIO NOT USEFUL FOR MONITORING OVERTRAINING

    Campbell, A. R., & Potteiger, J. A. (1999). Identification of overtraining in well-trained runners using the lactate/RPE ratio. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1393.

23. CONTINUOUS ACTIVITY RECOVERY BEST FOR CLEARING LACTIC ACID

    Margaurucci, C., & Mansouri, M. (2000). Lactate clearance following 30s maximal effort cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 574.

24. MECHANICAL WORK AT ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD DECREASES WITH RISES IN TEMPERATURE

    Tyka, A., Zuchowicz, A., Kubica, R., & Palka, T. (2000). Effect of ambient temperature on mechanical power at anaerobic threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 678.

25. GINSENG DOES NOT FACILITATE LACTATE REMOVAL

    Johnson, S. N., Plowman, S. A., DeLancey, M. R., Larson, B. M., Rudie, L., Miller, B., & Rzeutko, K. (2002). Effects of a ginseng and mushroom based herbal supplement on lactate response to resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1300.

26. TRAINING AND LIVING AT ALTITUDE DOES NOT ALLOW MAXIMAL ADAPTATION FOR SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE

    Wyatt, F. B., McCarthy, J. P., Neason, M. V., & Welch, B. S. (2002). Comparing post exercise blood lactate between sea level and altitude natives. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1336.

27. LACTATE MEASURES SHOULD ONLY BE CONSIDERED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS

    Papadopoulos, C., Doyle, J. A., LaBudde, B., Rupp, J. C., Brandon, L. J., Benardot, D., & Martin, D. E. (2003). Relationships between blood lactate parameters and endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 498.

28. AEROBIC THRESHOLD AND OBLA ARE 50% RELATED

    Guglielmo, L. G., Santos, A. L., & Gomes, L. P. (2003). Comparison and correlation of the velocity corresponding to the lactate minimum and OBLA. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 643.

29. NASAL DILATORS DO NOT AFFECT LACTATE THRESHOLD

    Boggs, G. W., Ward, J. R., & Stavrianeas, S. (2003). Effects of an external nasal dilator on aerobic performance among college-age women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 2069.

30. ACTIVE RECOVERY ACCELERATES LACTATE REMOVAL IN FEMALES

    Coffer, L. W., McCarthy, J. P., Miller, C. T., Neason, M. V., & Wyatt, F. B. (2003). The effects of active and passive recovery on blood lactate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 2070.

31. ACTIVE RECOVERY BETTER THAN PASSIVE RECOVERY

    Finke, H. M., Moore, M. J., Glowaki, S. P., & Crouse, S. F (2003). Effects of recovery on lactate and vertical jump after high intensity resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 2243.

32. HEART RATE VARIABILITY THRESHOLD COINCIDES WITH LACTATE THRESHOLD

    Gretebeck, R. J., Sutton, J. L., Karapetian, G. K., & Engels, H. J. (2004). Use of heart rate variability to estimate lactate threshold. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 293.

33. ALTITUDE SLOWS LACTATE CLEARANCE AFTER EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE

    Hawkins, K., Hauser, B., Davis, J. E., & Luetkemeier, M. J. (2004). Effect of altitude on lactate removal rates following high-intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 766.

34. CHILDREN PRODUCE LESS LACTATE THAN ADOLESCENTS IN SPRINTING

    Angus, C., & Benek, R. (2006). The blood lactate response to short-term maximal sprinting exercise in children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1476.

35. CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT AFFECT LACTATE PRODUCTION

    Head, B. J., Womack, J. W., Parker, A. G., Green, J. S., & Crouse, S. F. (2006). Effect of creatine supplementation on lactate levels following intense, anaerobic exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2253.

36. TWO TESTS ARE NECESSARY TO DETERMINE MAXIMAL LACTATE STEADY STATE

    Yaeger, D. B., White, R. F., & Stavrianeas, S. (2007). Determination of maximal lactate steady state: Convenience over accuracy? ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 1601.

37. LACTATE CLEARANCE DOES NOT AFFECT REPEATED SPRINT TASKS

    Peeters, M. J., Rhodes, E. C., Langill, R. H., Sheel, A. W., & Taunton, J. E. (2007). The effect of recovery strategies on lactate clearance and high-intensity exercise performance. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 1606.
    LACTATE - USES

38. LACTATE TESTING IS MEANINGLESS FOR COMPETITIVE SWIMMING PERFORMANCES

    Gomes-Pereira, J., & Alves, F. (1998). Prediction of swimming competitive performance through lactate testing procedures. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 190.

39. BLOOD LACTATE BETTER FOR PREDICTING SWIMMING VELOCITY THAN STROKE LENGTH

    Keskinen, K. L., & Keskinen, O. P. (1998). Determination of training loads from stroking performance in front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 328.

40. LACTATE-VELOCITIES DO NOT PREDICT HALF-MARATHONS WITH ACCEPTABLE ACCURACY

    Santos, P. J. (1998). Prediction of performance in the half-marathon from lactate-velocity relationship in a field test. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 206.

41. Lapeak AND AOD NOT RELATED TO 50 OR 500-YD SWIMMING PERFORMANCES

    Zoeller, R. F., Nagle, E. F., Moyna, N. M., Goss, F. L., Lephart, S. M., & Robertson, R. J. (1998). Anaerobic indices of freestyle swimming performance in trained adult female swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 280.

42. A 400-m TIME TRIAL IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF 400-m SWIMMING TIME

    Guglielmo, L. G., & Denadai, B. S. (1999). Assessment of anaerobic threshold and performance of swimmers in crawl sprints of 400m. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 414.

43. ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD IN SWIMMING IS PROTOCOL AND CRITERION DEPENDENT

    Almeidal, A. G., Gobatto, C. A., Lenta, C., & Kokubun, E. (1999). Influences of swimming test distance in the anaerobic threshold determination and blood lactate levels. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1253.

44. LACTATE THRESHOLD BEST PREDICTOR OF 4.8 km RUN IN FEMALES

    Epperson, C. E., Buono, M. J., Kolkhorst, F. W., Reynolds, K. K., Nanista, J. A., & Sheffield, R. D. (1999). Correlation of lactate threshold, VO2max, and running performance with 4.8 kilometer running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 370.

45. THRESHOLD MEASURES NOT GOOD WORK PREDICTORS FOR ROWING

    Smith, T. B., & Sleivert, G. (1999). Relationship between thirty minute maximal rowing ergometer performance and blood lactate measures. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 379.

46. BADMINTON TRAINING IS HARDER THAN A GAME

    Smith, J. A., & Chang, C-C. (1999). Heart rate and blood lactate responses during training and competition in elite badminton players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(5), Supplement abstract 1463.

47. LACTATE THRESHOLD NOT INTENSE ENOUGH FOR CYCLING TRAINING

    Kenefick, R. W., Mahood, N. V., Mattern, C. O., & Quinn, T. J. (2000). Is lactate threshold an appropriate marker for competitive cyclists? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), Supplement abstract 826.

48. LACTATE PROFILES ARE NOT RELATED TO COMPETITIVE SWIMMING PERFORMANCES

    Pyne, D. B., Lee, H., & Swanwick, K. M. (2001). Monitoring the lactate threshold in world-ranked swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 291-297.

49. VO2max IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN MASTER ATHLETES

    Wiswell, R. A., Jaque, S. V. Marcell, T. J., Hawkins, S. A., Tarpenning, K. M., Constantine, N., & Hyslop, D. M. (2000). Maximal aerobic power, lactate threshold, and running performance in master athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1165-1170.

50. LACTATE THRESHOLD IS USELESS FOR PRESCRIBING MASTER LEVEL RUNNERS’ TRAINING

    Marcell, T. J., Hawkins, S. A., Tarpenning, K. M., Hyslop, D. M., & Wiswell, R. A. (2003). Longitudinal analysis of lactate threshold in male and female master athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, 810-817.

51. POST-RACE LACTATES IMPROVE ACROSS A SWIMMING SEASON

    Northius, M. E., Wicklund, H., & Patnott, J. R. (2003). Blood lactate changes in collegiate swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 1455.

52. BETTER SWIMMERS HAVE MORE EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES

    D’Acquisto, L. J., Berry, J., Boggs, G., & Mattern, P. (2004). Swimming performance and velocity at OBLA are linked to propelling efficiency. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 1409.

53. ROWING TIME TRIAL PREDICTS MAXIMUM LACTATE STEADY STATE

    Gutilla, M. J., Mattern, C. O., Meissner, M., Bouton, K. D., Kirby, T. E., Devor, S. T. (2004). Maximal lactate steady state rowing intensity can be predicted by a 6-km rowing time trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 298.

54. PLAYING ICE-HOCKEY OVER A SEASON DOES NOT ALTER LACTATE RESPONSES IN FEMALES

    Bracko, M. R., & Fellingham, G. W. (2004). Effect of a season of play on lactate response in Canadian female university hockey players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 1438.

55. SUBMAXIMAL SWIMMING PRODUCES BEST LACTATE REMOVAL IN RECOVERY

    Neric, F. B., Beam, W., & Brown, L. E. (2006). The effects of electrical stimulation and submaximal swimming on blood lactate following a maximal effort 200 yard front crawl. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 1405.

56. LACTATE TEST RESULTS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED WITH OTHER FACTORS WHEN CONSIDERING THE STATUS OF SWIMMERS

    Thompson, K. G., Garland, S. W., & Lothia, F. (2006). Interpretation of the physiological monitoring of an international swimmer. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 1, 117-124.

57. LACTATE THRESHOLDS DO NOT REFLECT CYCLING TIME-TRIAL RESPONSES

    Nielsen, L., Garver, M. J., Dickinson, J. M., Campbell, D. S., & Papadopoulos, C. (2006). Physiological and metabolic responses during two self-selected cycling time trials. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(5), Supplement abstract 2595.

58. ANAEROBIC TRAINING STRONGLY STIMULATES LACTATE THRESHOLDS BUT ALSO MARGINALLY INCREASES AEROBIC CAPACITY

    Pritchett, R. C., Green, M., & Kerr, K. (2007). Lactate response in anaerobic and aerobic athletes and sedentary individuals. ACSM Annual Meeting New Orleans, Presentation Number, 1605.

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