OVERLOAD AND OVERTRAINING 4

This fourth issue of Volume 10 of Coaching Science Abstracts reviews articles concerned with overload and overtraining. Three previous issues, namely Volume 1(3), Volume 4(3), and Volume 7(4) also dealt with this topic. The information from those three sources, as well as that contained in this issue, will yield an extensive knowledge base of recent research in the application of the overload principle and overtraining, which results from extended and excessive overload training.

1. WEIGHT LOSS AND COMPETING IS OVERLY STRESSFUL FOR WRESTLERS

   Kraemer, W. J., Fry, A. C., Rubin, M. R., Triplett-McBride, T., Gordon, S. E., Koziris, L. P., Lynch, J. M., Volek, J. S., Meuffels, D. E., Newton, R. U., & Fleck, S. J. (2001). Physiological and performance responses to tournament wrestling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1367-1378.

2. STRESS IS INCREASED WHEN SWIMMING AND STUDY ARE MIXED

   Carl, D. L., Tyree, B., & Strasser, S. (2001). Effect of environment and training on mood states of competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1252.

3. A HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET STALLS THE ONSET OF OVERREACHING

   Achten, J., Halson, S., Moseley, L., Rayson, M. P., Casey, A., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2003). Effect of diet on symptoms of overreaching in runners during a period of intensified training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 1163.

4. FOCUSED TRAINING IMPROVES PERFORMANCE BUT REGENERATION MIGHT BE INADEQUATE

   Wilkinson, J. G., Urhausen, A., Scheidt, A., Coen, B., & Kinderman, W. (2003). Performance and hormonal responses of competitive swimmers to high-intensity interval training and regeneration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 1834.

5. ENDURANCE EXERCISE AFFECTS PROTEIN IN A SIMILAR MANNER TO RESISTANCE EXERCISE

   Gaine, P. C., Martin, W. F., Pikosky, M. A., Bolster, D. R., Maresh, C. M., Tipton, K. D., Wolfe, R. R., & Rodriguez, N. R. (2003). Mixed muscle protein fractional synthetic rates increase following endurance exercise in male runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 1917.

6. FASTER RATES OF EXERCISE SEEM EASIER

   Reneau, P., & Lockhart, A. (2004). Impact of cycling rates on heart rate and rate of perceived exertion while performed at the same work rate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 913.

7. HIGHER WORK RATES DO NOT SEEM HARDER ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE A HIGHER METABOLIC RATE

   Gairola, A., Randall, C. R., Goss, F. L., & Robertson, R. J. (2004). RPE response to varying cycle ergometer pedal rates using the adult OMNI-Cycle Scale. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 914.
   OVERTRAINING

8. TRAINING DECLINES IN SWIMMERS NOT RELATED TO PARTICULAR BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

   Rowbottom, D., Maw, G., Raspotnik, L., Morley, E., & Hamilton, E. (2001). Biological variables to assist in fatigue management are individualized in highly trained swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 1920.

9. ELEVATED IL-6 AND CORTISOL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OVERTRAINING

   Stenerson, L. R., & Mazzeo, R. S. (2001). Physiological and immunological alterations over the course of a Nordic ski season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 54.

10. OVERTRAINING MARKERS ARE AFFECTED BY SHORT BURSTS OF INTENSIVE TRAINING

    Urhausen, A., Coen, B., & Kindermann, W. (2001). Intensive training vs. rest: Effects on ergometric, hormonal, and psychological results. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 755.

11. STALENESS IN ADOLESCENT RUNNERS NOT PREDICTED BY HARDINESS OR MOOD MEASURES

    Wilson, G. S., Aydt, J., & Raglin, J. S. (2001). Hardiness, mood state, and history of staleness in age-group runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), Supplement abstract 962.

12. NEGATIVE MOOD IS RELATED TO POOR PERFORMANCE

    Mahood, N. V., Hazzard, M. P., Podolin, D. A., & Kenefick, R. W. (2002). Physiological and psychological responses to a collegiate cross-country ski season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1103.

13. PERFORMANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ARE BEST INDICATORS OF OVERREACHING

    Halson, S. L., Bridge, M. W., Gleeson, M., Meeusen, R., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2002). Time course of performance changes and markers of overreaching in cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(5), Supplement abstract 1536.

14. IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS DO NOT DISCERN OVERREACHING

    Halson, S. L., Lancaster, G. I., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Gleeson, M. (2003). Immunological response to overreaching in cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35854-861.

15. YOUNG ATHLETES EXHIBIT SOCIAL SKILLS DEGRADATION IN STALENESS

    Kenetta, G., Hassmen, P., & Raglin, J. S. (2001). Training practices and overtraining syndrome in Swedish age-group athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22, 460-465.

16. DEPRESSION IS A SYMPTOM OF OVERTRAINING

    Uusitalo, A. L., Valkonen-Horhonen, M., Koskelo, J, Lansimies, E., & Vanninen, E. (2003). Depression in overtrained athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 207.

17. POORLY PERFORMING FEMALE SWIMMERS MIGHT HAVE A THYROID PROBLEM

    VanHeest, J. L., Mahoney, C. E., Cappaert, J. M., Hill, K. W., De Souza, M. J., & Rodgers, C. D. (2003). Induction of low T3 syndrome in female swimmers during a competitive season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(5), Supplement abstract 1829.

18. PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES ARE MORE SENSITIVE THAN PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES TO OVERTRAINING

    Lemyre, P.-N., Stray-Gundersen, J., Treasure, D. C., Matt, K., & Roberts, G. (2004). Physiological and psychological markers of overtraining and burnout in elite swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), Supplement abstract 1024.

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